Visiones renovadas de la historiografía de Chiapas, siglos XVI-XX
Fecha
2022
Autores
Fuentes Horta, Erick
Ledezma Díaz, Rafael Ángel
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este número integra un conjunto de artículos sobre diversos temas y períodos de la historia de Chiapas. Los siete artículos y la reseña documental fueron escritos por especialistas en historia y antropología de México y otros países. Los textos abarcan diversos temas, regiones y épocas: las encomiendas establecidas en Ciudad Real –región de Los Altos– a mediados del siglo XVI; cambios en el uso de la tierra en los pueblos indígenas de la Depresión Central durante los siglos XVII y XVIII; la paulatina desaparición de uno de estos pueblos—Escuintenango—; las expediciones filantrópicas y científicas que llegaron, primero, a la intendencia de Ciudad Real y luego al estado de Chiapas en el siglo XIX; las relaciones laborales que existieron entre enganchados y deudores en las fincas cafetaleras del Soconusco y, finalmente, las dinámicas nacionalistas que se tejieron en torno al reparto agrario en la zona fronteriza con Guatemala en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Estos trabajos matizan algunos lugares comunes -aún reproducidos por sectores académicos y políticos dentro y fuera de México- que minimizan a través de lecturas simplistas la complejidad social y cultural de los procesos históricos que definieron la realidad actual de Chiapas. Por tanto, los artículos son parte de esa renovación historiográfica que comenzó en la década de 1980 y continúa hasta el día de hoy a pesar de las interpretaciones sesgadas generadas tras el levantamiento armado del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) en 1994.
This issue integrates a set of articles on various issues and periods in the history of Chiapas. The seven articles and the documentary review were written by specialists in history and anthropology from Mexico and other countries. The texts cover various topics, regions and time periods: the encomiendas established in Ciudad Real—Los Altos region—in the mid-sixteenth century; changes in land use in the Indian villages of the Central Depression during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; the gradual disappearance of one of these villages—Escuintenango—; the philanthropic and scientific expeditions that arrived, first, to the Ciudad Real intendancy and then to the state of Chiapas in the 19th century; the labor relations that existed between hooked and debtors in the coffee farms of Soconusco and, finally, the nationalist dynamics that were woven around the agrarian distribution in the border zone with Guatemala in the first half of the 20th century. These works qualify some commonplaces -still reproduced by academic and political sectors inside and outside Mexico- that minimize through simplistic readings the social and cultural complexity of the historical processes that defined the current reality of Chiapas. Therefore, the articles are part of that historiographical renewal that began in the 1980s and continues to this day despite the biased interpretations generated after the armed uprising of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in 1994.
This issue integrates a set of articles on various issues and periods in the history of Chiapas. The seven articles and the documentary review were written by specialists in history and anthropology from Mexico and other countries. The texts cover various topics, regions and time periods: the encomiendas established in Ciudad Real—Los Altos region—in the mid-sixteenth century; changes in land use in the Indian villages of the Central Depression during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; the gradual disappearance of one of these villages—Escuintenango—; the philanthropic and scientific expeditions that arrived, first, to the Ciudad Real intendancy and then to the state of Chiapas in the 19th century; the labor relations that existed between hooked and debtors in the coffee farms of Soconusco and, finally, the nationalist dynamics that were woven around the agrarian distribution in the border zone with Guatemala in the first half of the 20th century. These works qualify some commonplaces -still reproduced by academic and political sectors inside and outside Mexico- that minimize through simplistic readings the social and cultural complexity of the historical processes that defined the current reality of Chiapas. Therefore, the articles are part of that historiographical renewal that began in the 1980s and continues to this day despite the biased interpretations generated after the armed uprising of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in 1994.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HISTORIOGRAFÍA, HISTORIOGRAPHY, HISTORIOGRAFIA, HISTORIA, HISTORY, HISTÓRIA, CULTURA, CULTURE, CULTURA