Fortalecimiento del proceso de lectoescritura, mediante la aplicación del método Doman, como alternativa pedagógica para el mejoramiento de las habilidades lingüísticas de los niños y las niñas de ll nivel, de la comunidad de Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste, periodo lectivo 2022 - 2023.
Fecha
2023
Autores
Méndez Matarrita, Valeria
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Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente, se construye bajo la modalidad de proyecto, para optar por el grado de
Licenciatura en Pedagogía con énfasis en I y II ciclo de la educación general básica. La
finalidad del presente es fortalecer el proceso de lectoescritura, mediante la aplicación del
método Doman, como alternativa pedagógica para el mejoramiento de las habilidades
lingüísticas de los niños y las niñas de ll nivel, de la comunidad de Santa Cecilia, La Cruz.
A raíz de las carencias educativas presentes, donde se coloca a la población estudiantil en
un nivel inferior al que debían, según las características estipuladas por el Ministerio de
Educación Pública. Tomando en consideración que algunos niños y niñas tenían solo
conocimiento de las vocales y en algunos educandos este era nulo, por lo que, en segundo
nivel ellos debían estar apropiados del lenguaje escrito y oral, para formar oraciones, leer y
comprender textos cortos.
Por lo tanto, el proyecto se basa en la metodología Doman, propuesta por Glenn Doman en
los años 50, para atender a la población con parálisis cerebral, obteniendo resultados
gratificantes, por lo que fue impulsada a implementarse en los salones de clases con toda la
población estudiantil. Permitiendo priorizar al estudiante y sus intereses, para crear
motivación y placer por la adquisición de las habilidades lingüísticas, por lo que el objetivo
principal de este proyecto es fortalecer el proceso de lectoescritura, mediante la aplicación
del método Doman, como alternativa pedagógica para el mejoramiento de las habilidades
lingüísticas de los niños y las niñas de II nivel, en la comunidad de Santa Cecilia, dando
respuesta a los resultados del diagnóstico socioeducativo aplicado anteriormente.
En las características del proyecto se destaca, el paradigma de investigación naturalista, ya
que se efectúa en un ámbito natural permitiendo profundizar e interpretar lo que los rodea,
el enfoque investigativo es cualitativo, el cual busca la interpretación completa de los
sujetos participantes. Donde el diseño de la investigación se basa en una investigaciónacción, el cual tiene la finalidad de encontrar los desafíos y transformarlos.
Es esencial destacar que, para la recolección de datos se utilizaron diversos instrumentos
entre ellos, cuestionarios, entrevistas, diario de campo y lista de cotejo. Así como que, el
trabajo se estructura en cinco capítulos; introducción, marco teórico, plan operativo para la
ejecución, análisis e interpretación de resultados y conclusiones y recomendaciones.
Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca que los discentes poseen un nivel inicial en
lectura y escritura, donde solo reconocieron vocales y algunos fonemas, permitiendo
destacar que los niños y niñas no cuentan con las habilidades lingüísticas estipuladas para
cursar segundo nivel escolar.
Por lo que a partir de los resultados anteriores se implementó el método Doman,
alcanzando resultados exitosos en las habilidades lingüísticas, de manera que los educandos
adquirieron gusto y placer por la lectura y escritura, así como la nivelación según las
características que estipuladas por el MEP para estudiantes de segundo nivel.
Finalmente, se refleja que el método produjo impacto en la población atendida, donde
lograron apropiarse del texto escrito, así como de la habilidad lectora, presenciando interés
por parte de los discentes por leer de forma independiente.
The present project is developed as part of the requirements for obtaining a Bachelor's degree in Pedagogy with focus on the I and II cycles of general basic education. Its purpose is to strengthen the process of reading and writing by applying the Doman method as a pedagogical alternative to enhance the linguistic skills of children in the II level of the Santa Cecilia community, La Cruz. The project arises from the existing educational deficiencies, where the student population is placed at a lower level than expected according to the characteristics stipulated by the Ministry of Public Education. Taking into consideration that some children just have knowledge of vowels, while others do not have knowledge at all, it is crucial that by the second level, they should be proficient in both written and oral language to form sentences, read, and comprehend short texts. Therefore, the project is based on the Doman methodology proposed by Glenn Doman in the 1950s to assist the population with cerebral palsy, which has shown gratifying results. As a result, it has been promoted for implementation in classrooms for the entire student population. This approach prioritizes the student and their interests to create motivation and enjoyment in acquiring linguistic skills. Thus, the main objective of this project is to strengthen the process of reading and writing by applying the Doman method as a pedagogical alternative to improve the linguistic skills for children in the II level in the Santa Cecilia community, addressing the results of the previous socio-educational observations. The project features a naturalistic research paradigm as it takes place in a natural setting, allowing for in-depth exploration and interpretation of the surrounding context. The research approach is qualitative, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the participating subjects. The research design is based on action research, which aims to identify challenges and bring transformation. It is worth noting that data collection involved various instruments, including quizzes, interviews, field notes, and checklists. The project is structured into five chapters: introduction, theoretical framework, operational plan for implementation, analysis and interpretation of results, and conclusions and recommendations. Among the main findings, it is evident that the students have an initial level of reading and writing, where they just recognized vowels and some phonemes. This highlights that the children do not possess the linguistic skills required for second-level schooling. Consequently, based on the previous results, the Doman method was implemented, resulting in successful improvements in linguistic skills. The students developed a liking and pleasure for reading and writing, as well as achieved the necessary level according to the characteristics established by the Ministry of Education for second-level students. Finally, the project reflects that the method has a positive impact on the target population, as they became proficient in written text and reading skills, showing independent interest in reading.
The present project is developed as part of the requirements for obtaining a Bachelor's degree in Pedagogy with focus on the I and II cycles of general basic education. Its purpose is to strengthen the process of reading and writing by applying the Doman method as a pedagogical alternative to enhance the linguistic skills of children in the II level of the Santa Cecilia community, La Cruz. The project arises from the existing educational deficiencies, where the student population is placed at a lower level than expected according to the characteristics stipulated by the Ministry of Public Education. Taking into consideration that some children just have knowledge of vowels, while others do not have knowledge at all, it is crucial that by the second level, they should be proficient in both written and oral language to form sentences, read, and comprehend short texts. Therefore, the project is based on the Doman methodology proposed by Glenn Doman in the 1950s to assist the population with cerebral palsy, which has shown gratifying results. As a result, it has been promoted for implementation in classrooms for the entire student population. This approach prioritizes the student and their interests to create motivation and enjoyment in acquiring linguistic skills. Thus, the main objective of this project is to strengthen the process of reading and writing by applying the Doman method as a pedagogical alternative to improve the linguistic skills for children in the II level in the Santa Cecilia community, addressing the results of the previous socio-educational observations. The project features a naturalistic research paradigm as it takes place in a natural setting, allowing for in-depth exploration and interpretation of the surrounding context. The research approach is qualitative, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the participating subjects. The research design is based on action research, which aims to identify challenges and bring transformation. It is worth noting that data collection involved various instruments, including quizzes, interviews, field notes, and checklists. The project is structured into five chapters: introduction, theoretical framework, operational plan for implementation, analysis and interpretation of results, and conclusions and recommendations. Among the main findings, it is evident that the students have an initial level of reading and writing, where they just recognized vowels and some phonemes. This highlights that the children do not possess the linguistic skills required for second-level schooling. Consequently, based on the previous results, the Doman method was implemented, resulting in successful improvements in linguistic skills. The students developed a liking and pleasure for reading and writing, as well as achieved the necessary level according to the characteristics established by the Ministry of Education for second-level students. Finally, the project reflects that the method has a positive impact on the target population, as they became proficient in written text and reading skills, showing independent interest in reading.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PEDAGOGÍA, LECTOESCRITURA, ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, ESTRATEGIAS DE ENSEÑANZA, NIÑOS, NIÑAS, SANTA CECILIA (LA CRUZ), GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), PEDAGOGY, LITERACY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, TEACHING STRATEGIES, CHILDREN, GIRLS