Geragogy: a contribution to the teaching and learning of english as a foreign language in senior citizens
Fecha
2015
Autores
Brenes Sánchez, Verónica
Valverde Marín, Evelyn
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Editor
II Congreso Internacional de Lingüística Aplicada CONLA UNA
Resumen
La población adulta mayor ha incrementado considerablemente. De acuerdo a estadísticas obtenidas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (INEC), el número de personas adultas mayores en Costa Rica se ha duplicado en la última década (Censo 2005-2014). Considerando este cambio poblacional, diferentes organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales han facilitado programas para promover la participación de este grupo etario en un aprendizaje continuo. Sin embargo, las personas adultas mayores requieren de una metodología que acoja sus necesidades y habilidades. La organización Socrates Grundtvig (n.d.) defiende un enfoque geragógico el cual “enfatiza un aprendizaje guiado para el adulto mayor y considera las habilidades especiales del mismo” (para. 6). En el proceso de enseñanza de una lengua extranjera a personas adultas mayores, las metodologías deben ser elegidas cuidadosamente y adaptadas para satisfacer las destrezas de los estudiantes. Con esta premisa en mente, el propósito de este estudio cualitativo se fundamentó en identificar las necesidades y preferencias de las personas adultas mayores en relación con material didáctico, metodologías y ambiente en una clase de inglés como lengua extranjera, ya que durante el diseño o evaluación de un programa de curso, la efectividad de las técnicas de enseñanza y los materiales deben ser valoradas con el fin de reconocer las exigencias de los estudiantes. Este proyecto se llevó a cabo con personas adultas mayores e instructores de inglés en una institución pública en Costa Rica. Para la investigación se diseñaron tres instrumentos de los cuales dos fueron completados por estudiantes y profesores. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación proporcionan una serie de recomendaciones para encargados curriculares y profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera.
The elderly population has been increasing extensively. According to data gathered by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (INEC), the number of senior citizens in Costa Rica has been doubled in the last decade (Census 2005-2014). On behalf of this population transition, different governmental and non-governmental organizations have initiated programs that boost the inclusion of this age group in an ongoing learning environment. Nonetheless, the elderly need a proper methodology that embraces their own needs and capacities. Socrates Grundtvig Organization (n.d.) defended a geragogical approach which “emphasizes the guided learning of older adults and considers their special needs” (para. 6). When teaching a foreign language to senior people, approaches should not only be chosen cautiously but also adapted to fulfill students’ skills. With this premise in mind, the purpose of this qualitative study was to identify senior citizens’ needs and preferences regarding teaching resources, methodology, and classroom environment. When designing or evaluating a course program, the effectiveness of classroom techniques and materials should be appraised in order to comply with students’ demands. This research project was carried out with senior citizens and English instructors at a public institution in Costa Rica. Three different instruments were designed and two of those instruments were administered to the students and teachers. The findings of this research resulted in recommendations for programs developers and teachers of English as a foreign language.
The elderly population has been increasing extensively. According to data gathered by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (INEC), the number of senior citizens in Costa Rica has been doubled in the last decade (Census 2005-2014). On behalf of this population transition, different governmental and non-governmental organizations have initiated programs that boost the inclusion of this age group in an ongoing learning environment. Nonetheless, the elderly need a proper methodology that embraces their own needs and capacities. Socrates Grundtvig Organization (n.d.) defended a geragogical approach which “emphasizes the guided learning of older adults and considers their special needs” (para. 6). When teaching a foreign language to senior people, approaches should not only be chosen cautiously but also adapted to fulfill students’ skills. With this premise in mind, the purpose of this qualitative study was to identify senior citizens’ needs and preferences regarding teaching resources, methodology, and classroom environment. When designing or evaluating a course program, the effectiveness of classroom techniques and materials should be appraised in order to comply with students’ demands. This research project was carried out with senior citizens and English instructors at a public institution in Costa Rica. Three different instruments were designed and two of those instruments were administered to the students and teachers. The findings of this research resulted in recommendations for programs developers and teachers of English as a foreign language.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ANCIANOS, ENSEÑANZA DE IDIOMAS, TECNICAS DE ENSEÑANZA, MATERIALES DE ENSEÑANZA, LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS, SENIORS, LANGUAGE TRAINING, TEACHING TECHNIQUES, TEACHING MATERIALS