Propuesta de un sistema integrado de gestión basado en la Norma INTE/ISO 14001:2015 y el modelo de licenciamiento de Marca País en la empresa Smart Tool S.A., en el periodo 2021-2022
Fecha
2023
Autores
Álvarez Muñoz, Ana M.
Arrieta Calderón, Luciene
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente proyecto de graduación tiene como objeto desarrollar una propuesta de un sistema integrado de gestión para la empresa Smart Tool S.A. basada en los requerimientos de la Norma ISO 14001:2015 y del modelo de licenciamiento de Marca País que le permita la posterior obtención de ambas certificaciones y la mejora de su desempeño ambiental. Para ello, se recolectó información sobre la situación ambiental y operacional actual de la empresa mediante la aplicación de tres listas de chequeo, con el fin de identificar las deficiencias de la empresa en cuanto al cumplimiento de los requisitos de cada certificación. De manera simultánea, se realizó un diagnóstico general de sus consumos de electricidad, agua y combustibles y la generación de gases de efecto invernadero, de residuos sólidos y aguas residuales. Como resultado se obtiene que la empresa no cumple con los requisitos mínimos para ser certificada bajo la Norma ISO 14001, o de Esencial Costa Rica, obteniendo que solo cumplen con un 19% de los ítems requeridos para la ISO 14001, además de no cumplir en gran medida con los requisitos de Esencial Costa Rica, principalmente con el criterio de sostenibilidad. Dichos resultados, evidencian que existe una carencia de compromiso ambiental por parte de la compañía, pues no se han adoptado operaciones de carácter sostenible que disminuyan o concienticen sobre su impacto ambiental. Del mismo modo, se obtuvo como hallazgo en el diagnóstico general que Smart Tool S.A. genera consumos de electricidad altos al compararse con empresas del mismo tipo, al tiempo que se evidencia una importante generación de residuos sólidos especiales, compuestos por viruta de aluminio, los cuales no son desechados de la manera adecuada. Este último es un punto importante para mejorar por parte de la empresa, ya que además como parte del Inventario de Gases de Efecto Invernadero se encontró que la principal fuente de emisión radica en las generadas por la disposición de los residuos sólidos, representado el 44,4 % del total de las emisiones. Seguidamente, se diseñó la documentación necesaria para la consolidación del sistema integrado de gestión tomando en cuenta la integración de las dos certificaciones ambientales meta y los lineamientos establecidos por el sistema de calidad existente de la empresa. Esto generó una serie de registros y procedimientos, incluyendo el Manual de Gestión Ambiental, Plan de auditorías, Matriz de Riesgos Ambientales, Matriz de Riesgos laborales, Procedimiento de no conformidad y acciones preventivas y correctivas, que ayudan a mantener y evaluar el sistema integrado de gestión. Por último, se realizó un avance de la implementación del sistema mediante la elaboración de un Plan de Gestión Ambiental y el Programa de Salud Ocupacional como parte de las medidas adecuadas por gestionar según los puntos críticos determinados en los objetivos anteriores. De acuerdo con la situación actual de Smart Tool S.A. se destaca la relevancia de implementar el Sistema Integrado de Gestión propuesto, ya que puede generar importantes beneficios para la empresa y el ambiente. Entre ellos, el cumplimiento normativo puesto que le permitirá cumplir con requisitos legales y reglamentarios relacionados con el ambiente y la sostenibilidad, esto evitará posibles sanciones y problemas legales, mejorando la reputación de la empresa. Otro beneficio es que mejorará la eficiencia operativa, en razón de que este sistema apunta hacia la optimización de procesos y recursos, mediante la identificación de reducciones de consumo y desperdicios. Además, el sistema les dará ventaja competitiva en el mercado, pues al obtener estas certificaciones ambientales su imagen mejora cada vez más, los consumidores y las empresas prefieren trabajar con proveedores que demuestren un compromiso sólido con la sostenibilidad y el cuidado del medio ambiente.
The purpose of this graduation project is to develop a proposal for an integrated management system for the company Smart Tool S.A., based on the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 and the Country Brand licensing model, which will enable the company to obtain both certifications and improve its environmental performance. To achieve this, information was first collected about the current environmental and operational situation of the company through the application of three checklists to identify the company's deficiencies in meeting the requirements of each certification. Simultaneously, a general diagnosis of its electricity, water, and fuel consumption, as well as the generation of greenhouse gases, solid waste, and wastewater, was conducted. The results indicate that the company does not meet the minimum requirements to be certified under ISO 14001 or Essential Costa Rica, achieving only 19% compliance with the items required for ISO 14001, and failing to meet most of the requirements of Essential Costa Rica, especially in the sustainability criteria. These results highlight a lack of environmental commitment on the part of the company, which has not adopted sustainable actions in its operations to reduce or raise awareness about its environmental impact. Furthermore, in the general diagnosis, it was found that Smart Tool S.A. has high electricity consumption compared to companies of the same type, and there is a significant generation of special solid waste, composed of aluminum shavings, which is not properly disposed of. This is a crucial point for improvement for the company since, as part of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory, it was found that the main emission source is generated by the disposal of solid waste, representing 44.4% of the total emissions. Subsequently, the necessary documentation was designed to consolidate the integrated management system, taking into account the integration of the two target environmental certifications and the guidelines established by the company's existing quality system. This includes generating a series of records and procedures, such as the Environmental Management Manual, Audit Plan, Environmental Risk Matrix, Occupational Risk Matrix, Non-conformity Procedure, and Preventive and Corrective Actions Procedure, which help maintain and evaluate the integrated management system. Finally, progress was made in the implementation of the system through the development of an Environmental Management Plan and Occupational Health Program as part of the appropriate management measures determined in the previous objectives. Considering the current situation of Smart Tool S.A., the relevance of implementing the proposed Integrated Management System is highlighted as it can bring significant benefits to the company and the environment. For example, it will enhance compliance with regulations, ensuring the company meets legal and regulatory requirements related to the environment and sustainability, thus avoiding possible sanctions and legal issues and improving the company's reputation. Another benefit is the improvement in operational efficiency, as the system aims to optimize processes and resources by identifying opportunities for consumption and waste reduction. Additionally, the system will provide a competitive advantage in the market, as obtaining these environmental certifications will enhance the company's image. Increasingly, consumers and businesses prefer to work with suppliers that demonstrate a solid commitment to sustainability and environmental care.
The purpose of this graduation project is to develop a proposal for an integrated management system for the company Smart Tool S.A., based on the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 and the Country Brand licensing model, which will enable the company to obtain both certifications and improve its environmental performance. To achieve this, information was first collected about the current environmental and operational situation of the company through the application of three checklists to identify the company's deficiencies in meeting the requirements of each certification. Simultaneously, a general diagnosis of its electricity, water, and fuel consumption, as well as the generation of greenhouse gases, solid waste, and wastewater, was conducted. The results indicate that the company does not meet the minimum requirements to be certified under ISO 14001 or Essential Costa Rica, achieving only 19% compliance with the items required for ISO 14001, and failing to meet most of the requirements of Essential Costa Rica, especially in the sustainability criteria. These results highlight a lack of environmental commitment on the part of the company, which has not adopted sustainable actions in its operations to reduce or raise awareness about its environmental impact. Furthermore, in the general diagnosis, it was found that Smart Tool S.A. has high electricity consumption compared to companies of the same type, and there is a significant generation of special solid waste, composed of aluminum shavings, which is not properly disposed of. This is a crucial point for improvement for the company since, as part of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory, it was found that the main emission source is generated by the disposal of solid waste, representing 44.4% of the total emissions. Subsequently, the necessary documentation was designed to consolidate the integrated management system, taking into account the integration of the two target environmental certifications and the guidelines established by the company's existing quality system. This includes generating a series of records and procedures, such as the Environmental Management Manual, Audit Plan, Environmental Risk Matrix, Occupational Risk Matrix, Non-conformity Procedure, and Preventive and Corrective Actions Procedure, which help maintain and evaluate the integrated management system. Finally, progress was made in the implementation of the system through the development of an Environmental Management Plan and Occupational Health Program as part of the appropriate management measures determined in the previous objectives. Considering the current situation of Smart Tool S.A., the relevance of implementing the proposed Integrated Management System is highlighted as it can bring significant benefits to the company and the environment. For example, it will enhance compliance with regulations, ensuring the company meets legal and regulatory requirements related to the environment and sustainability, thus avoiding possible sanctions and legal issues and improving the company's reputation. Another benefit is the improvement in operational efficiency, as the system aims to optimize processes and resources by identifying opportunities for consumption and waste reduction. Additionally, the system will provide a competitive advantage in the market, as obtaining these environmental certifications will enhance the company's image. Increasingly, consumers and businesses prefer to work with suppliers that demonstrate a solid commitment to sustainability and environmental care.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Gestión Ambiental en modalidad: proyecto de graduación
Palabras clave
NORMAS DE CALIDAD, QUALITY STANDARDS, MEDIO AMBIENTE, ENVIRONMENT, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, CONTROL DE CALIDAD, QUALITY CONTROL, EVALUACIÓN, EVALUATION, CERTIFICACIÓN, CERTIFICATION, GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO, GREENHOUSE GASES