Desigualdades persistentes en educación rural: estudios de caso con jóvenes escolares en Costa Rica y en Colombia
Fecha
2024-12-04
Autores
García Chaves, Yamileth
Vargas Sandoval, Yensi
Zeledón Montoya, Aara
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Editor
Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales
Resumen
Esta ponencia se refiere a las desigualdades sociales y educativas en comunidades rurales y costeras. Estos procesos de investigación y extensión se han desarrollado en dos comunidades en Costa Rica y una en Colombia, concretamente en Lepanto de Puntarenas en el 2021, Guapi del Pacífico Caucano en el 2023 y Frailes de Desamparados en el 2024; sustentado desde el enfoque interseccional y con la participación de jóvenes escolares por medio de talleres participativos con la técnica de fotovoz. Este proyecto se desarrolla según la vinculación realizada desde la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional, el Instituto de Investigación en Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica y con un esfuerzo de internacionalización con la Corporación Universitaria del Cauca en Colombia; UNICOMFACAUCA. La investigación se sustentó bajo la perspectiva de la interseccionalidad con talleres participativos con la técnica de fotovoz; a partir de los cuales se destacan las opiniones de jóvenes escolares, lo que ellos y ellas nos manifiestan, pero también lo que sigue sin enunciarse de manera formal. Con la perspectiva de la interseccionalidad se logra evidenciar los vínculos entre varias categorías de desigualdad, en tanto es una estrategia para dar cuenta de la percepción cruzada de las relaciones de poder, tal y como lo han documentado estudios previos (Viveros, 2023). En los talleres desarrollados interesa destacar las percepciones relacionadas a las condiciones de género, particularmente sobre los roles tradicionales. Se propone en esta ponencia destacar las manifestaciones de las personas jóvenes desde la violencia simbólica anclada al sistema patriarcal, que nos permite identificar las posiciones de privilegio que se sigue reproduciendo y que son muchas veces naturalizados en las respuestas de las personas escolares participantes. Las respuestas dadas relacionadas con la vivencia de la sexualidad, el acceso a la salud reproductiva, la condición de maternidad en personas jóvenes y percibida como carga social, el trabajo doméstico no reconocido, la inseguridad en el tránsito al centro escolar, son algunas que interesan revelar según su anclaje al sistema patriarcal y que fueron reiteradas desde la participación juvenil. En síntesis, la conjunción metodológica de la fotovoz y la interseccionalidad, permitió por una parte recopilar las vivencias y experiencias de las personas jóvenes, así como realizar el esfuerzo de interpretación de sus respuestas y percepciones con un análisis más profundo, revelando las intersecciones complejas de la opresión y la resistencia desde su propia voz, en el marco de las condiciones de violencia simbólica que reproduce el sistema patriarcal y heteronormativo en el campo educativo.
This paper addresses social and educational inequalities in rural and coastal communities. These research and extension processes have been developed in two communities in Costa Rica and one in Colombia, specifically in Lepanto de Puntarenas in 2021, Guapi del Pacífico Caucano in 2023 and Frailes de Desamparados in 2024; supported by the intersectional approach and with the participation of young schoolchildren through participatory workshops with the photovoice technique. This project is developed according to the link made by the School of Sociology of the National University, the Institute of Research in Education of the University of Costa Rica and with an internationalization effort with the University Corporation of Cauca in Colombia; UNICOMFACAUCA. The research was based on the perspective of intersectionality with participatory workshops with the photovoice technique; from which the opinions of young schoolchildren are highlighted, what they tell us, but also what remains to be formally stated. From the perspective of intersectionality, it is possible to highlight the links between various categories of inequality, as it is a strategy to account for the cross-perception of power relations, as documented by previous studies (Viveros, 2023). In the workshops developed, it is interesting to highlight the perceptions related to gender conditions, particularly regarding traditional roles. This presentation proposes to highlight the manifestations of young people from symbolic violence anchored to the patriarchal system, which allows us to identify the positions of privilege that continue to be reproduced and that are often naturalized in the responses of the participating schoolchildren. The responses given related to the experience of sexuality, access to reproductive health, the condition of motherhood in young people and perceived as a social burden, unrecognized domestic work, insecurity in transit to school, are some of those that are interesting to reveal according to their anchoring to the patriarchal system and that were reiterated from youth participation. In short, the methodological conjunction of photovoice and intersectionality allowed, on the one hand, to collect the experiences of young people, as well as to make the effort to interpret their responses and perceptions with a deeper analysis, revealing the complex intersections of oppression and resistance from their own voice, within the framework of the conditions of symbolic violence that the patriarchal and heteronormative system reproduces in the educational field.
This paper addresses social and educational inequalities in rural and coastal communities. These research and extension processes have been developed in two communities in Costa Rica and one in Colombia, specifically in Lepanto de Puntarenas in 2021, Guapi del Pacífico Caucano in 2023 and Frailes de Desamparados in 2024; supported by the intersectional approach and with the participation of young schoolchildren through participatory workshops with the photovoice technique. This project is developed according to the link made by the School of Sociology of the National University, the Institute of Research in Education of the University of Costa Rica and with an internationalization effort with the University Corporation of Cauca in Colombia; UNICOMFACAUCA. The research was based on the perspective of intersectionality with participatory workshops with the photovoice technique; from which the opinions of young schoolchildren are highlighted, what they tell us, but also what remains to be formally stated. From the perspective of intersectionality, it is possible to highlight the links between various categories of inequality, as it is a strategy to account for the cross-perception of power relations, as documented by previous studies (Viveros, 2023). In the workshops developed, it is interesting to highlight the perceptions related to gender conditions, particularly regarding traditional roles. This presentation proposes to highlight the manifestations of young people from symbolic violence anchored to the patriarchal system, which allows us to identify the positions of privilege that continue to be reproduced and that are often naturalized in the responses of the participating schoolchildren. The responses given related to the experience of sexuality, access to reproductive health, the condition of motherhood in young people and perceived as a social burden, unrecognized domestic work, insecurity in transit to school, are some of those that are interesting to reveal according to their anchoring to the patriarchal system and that were reiterated from youth participation. In short, the methodological conjunction of photovoice and intersectionality allowed, on the one hand, to collect the experiences of young people, as well as to make the effort to interpret their responses and perceptions with a deeper analysis, revealing the complex intersections of oppression and resistance from their own voice, within the framework of the conditions of symbolic violence that the patriarchal and heteronormative system reproduces in the educational field.
Descripción
Palabras clave
DESIGUALDAD SOCIAL, VIOLENCIA CONTRA LAS MUJERES, POBLACIÓN RURAL, PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, PARTICIPACIÓN JUVENIL, SOCIAL INEQUALITY, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, RURAL POPULATION, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, YOUTH PARTICIPATION