El desarrollo de la antropología costarricense, la antropología clásica y la reflexión respecto del mundo indígena nacional: conceptos, enfoques y miradas principales
Fecha
2021
Autores
Gaete Astica, Marcelo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
A modo de un balance de la historia de la disciplina, tal como se ha hecho en otros países, en Costa
Rica se ha buscado trazar el desarrollo de la disciplina antropológica sobre los pueblos indígenas
con base en dos tareas primordiales: por un lado, al reconstruir la historia de la disciplina a escala
local y la influencia que sobre esta ha tenido la antropología clásica y, por otro, instaurar el
conocimiento que se ha producido sobre los pueblos indígenas establecidos en el territorio nacional
para valorar sus alcances.
En pocas palabras, el objeto de interés de esta investigación es la antropología costarricense de
pueblos indígenas, entidad que ha tenido una historia de casi 78 años, a partir de los años cuarenta,
momento en que surge un desarrollo que he ordenado en cinco fases. Me interesa particularmente,
responder una serie de preguntas respecto de esta disciplina, las cuales se señalan más abajo, pero
básicamente, podemos resumir del siguiente modo: ¿cuál ha sido el ligamen de esta con el
desarrollo de la antropología clásica?, y ¿cuáles de los enfoques predominantes, que configuran lo
que he llamado aquí antropología clásica, han sido la base de las conceptualizaciones que sobre los
pueblos indígenas se han elaborado? Ello requiere, además, de identificar los principales productos
textuales elaborados para organizarlos históricamente de modo que podamos observar el desarrollo
que ha tenido está antropología.
El propósito de esta aproximación a la historia local de la disciplina, ha sido el de proponer una
reflexión crítica de la antropología que sirva, entre otros intereses, para discutir la pertinencia de
esta para comprender la historia y la realidad cultural de los pueblos indígenas y en la actualidad
contribuir en la descolonización de la disciplina y favorecer un replanteamiento que la oriente hacia
su compromiso científico y político con estos pueblos.
As a balance of the history of the discipline, as has been done in other countries, in Costa Rica has sought to trace the development of the anthropological discipline on indigenous peoples based on two primary tasks: on the one hand, by reconstructing the history of the discipline on a scale local and the influence that classical anthropology has had on it and, on the other, establishing the knowledge that has been produced about the indigenous peoples established in the national territory to assess its scope. In short, the object of interest of this research is the Costa Rican anthropology of indigenous peoples, an entity that has had a history of almost 78 years, starting in the 1940s, moment when a development emerges that I have organized into five phases. I am particularly interested, answer a series of questions regarding this discipline, which are indicated below, but Basically, we can summarize as follows: what has been its connection with the development of classical anthropology?, and which of the predominant approaches that shape what which I have called here classical anthropology, have been the basis of the conceptualizations that indigenous peoples have been developed? This also requires identifying the main products elaborate textual texts to organize them historically so that we can observe the development that this anthropology has had. The purpose of this approach to the local history of the discipline has been to propose a critical reflection of anthropology that serves, among other interests, to discuss the relevance of is to understand the history and cultural reality of indigenous peoples and today contribute to the decolonization of the discipline and promote a rethinking that guides it towards their scientific and political commitment to these people.
As a balance of the history of the discipline, as has been done in other countries, in Costa Rica has sought to trace the development of the anthropological discipline on indigenous peoples based on two primary tasks: on the one hand, by reconstructing the history of the discipline on a scale local and the influence that classical anthropology has had on it and, on the other, establishing the knowledge that has been produced about the indigenous peoples established in the national territory to assess its scope. In short, the object of interest of this research is the Costa Rican anthropology of indigenous peoples, an entity that has had a history of almost 78 years, starting in the 1940s, moment when a development emerges that I have organized into five phases. I am particularly interested, answer a series of questions regarding this discipline, which are indicated below, but Basically, we can summarize as follows: what has been its connection with the development of classical anthropology?, and which of the predominant approaches that shape what which I have called here classical anthropology, have been the basis of the conceptualizations that indigenous peoples have been developed? This also requires identifying the main products elaborate textual texts to organize them historically so that we can observe the development that this anthropology has had. The purpose of this approach to the local history of the discipline has been to propose a critical reflection of anthropology that serves, among other interests, to discuss the relevance of is to understand the history and cultural reality of indigenous peoples and today contribute to the decolonization of the discipline and promote a rethinking that guides it towards their scientific and political commitment to these people.
Descripción
Tesis doctoral de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales
Palabras clave
ANTROPOLOGÍA, ANTHROPOLOGY, IDENTIDAD CULTURAL, CULTURAL IDENTITY, DESCOLONIZACIÓN, DECOLONIZATION, INDÍGENAS, NATIVES, HISTORIA, HISTORY