Permanencia estudiantil en el curso Matemática General de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Fecha
2020-01-01
Autores
Zamora Araya, José Andrey
Gamboa Araya, Ronny Wilson
Hidalgo Mora, Randall
Castillo Sánchez, Mario
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
Resumen. El abandono estudiantil es un fenómeno de carácter multifactorial que afecta sobre todo a poblaciones en condición de vulnerabilidad. Dado que el abandono se da en una mayor proporción en los primeros semestres, son  los  cursos  introductorios  los  más  afectados,  y  esta  situación  se  aprecia,  en  particular,  en  el  área  de Matemática.  Este  artículo  muestra  los  principales  resultados  de  un  estudio  cuantitativo  cuyo  objetivo  fue determinar,  mediante  un  análisis  de  regresión  logística  múltiple,  cuáles  son  los  factores  más  relevantes relacionados con el abandono escolar en el curso de Matemática General de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. La información fue obtenida mediante un cuestionario auto-administrado a 906 personas estudiantes matriculadas en  el  curso  durante  el  primer  ciclo  de  2018.  Los  resultados  muestran  que  la  tenencia  de  beca  y  el  rendimiento previo en secundaria actúan como factores protectores. Por su parte, la condición laboral, pertenecer a carreras del área de ingeniería, ser hombre y el estrato de procedencia se consideran factores de riesgo. Es necesario que la Universidad tome acciones que procuren aumentar los niveles de permanencia del estudiantado proveniente de contextos con menores oportunidades educativas, que brinden no solo acceso, sino acompañamiento durante el primer año de carrera. Para ello, se sugiere coordinar con otras instancias universitarias, establecer un programa de tutorías y evaluar un rediseño de contenidos del curso de Matemática General.
Abstract. Scholar dropout affects vulnerable condition populations and has a multifactorial character. Dropout occurs in a greater proportion in the first semesters, the introductory courses are the most affected, and this situation is particularly observed in thearea of Mathematics. This article shows the main results about a quantitate study whose aims was determine, by means of a multiple logistic regression analysis, which are the most relevant factors related to school dropout in the Matematica General courseof the Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. The information was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire to 906 students enrolled in the course during the first semester of 2018. The results show that the scholarship holding and the previous academic performance in high school act as protective factors; On the other hand, the laboral condition, belonging to careers in the engineering area, being a man and the group of origin are considered risk factors. It is necessary that university take actions that seek to increase the permanence of students from contexts with educational disadvantages, providing not only access but accompaniment during the first year of the career; for which it is suggested to coordinate with other university instances such as the mentoring program as well as to evaluate a redesign of contents of the Matematica General course.
Abstract. Scholar dropout affects vulnerable condition populations and has a multifactorial character. Dropout occurs in a greater proportion in the first semesters, the introductory courses are the most affected, and this situation is particularly observed in thearea of Mathematics. This article shows the main results about a quantitate study whose aims was determine, by means of a multiple logistic regression analysis, which are the most relevant factors related to school dropout in the Matematica General courseof the Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. The information was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire to 906 students enrolled in the course during the first semester of 2018. The results show that the scholarship holding and the previous academic performance in high school act as protective factors; On the other hand, the laboral condition, belonging to careers in the engineering area, being a man and the group of origin are considered risk factors. It is necessary that university take actions that seek to increase the permanence of students from contexts with educational disadvantages, providing not only access but accompaniment during the first year of the career; for which it is suggested to coordinate with other university instances such as the mentoring program as well as to evaluate a redesign of contents of the Matematica General course.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, DESERCIÓN ESCOLAR, ENSEÑANZA DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS, ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO, HIGHER EDUCATION, SCHOOL DROPOUT, TEACHING MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
