Flujos de información y sistemas de innovación en las cadenas del chayote y el melón.
Fecha
2004-05
Autores
Valenciano Salazar, Jorge Andrey
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En la investigación se utiliza el concepto de cadena global del producto con un énfasis
desde la demanda a través de la cadena revertida; esta perspectiva permite mostrar las
interrelaciones y los flujos de información que se dan a través de los agentes que componen
la cadena.
Para la presente tesis, los flujos de información se evalúan mediante la determinación de los
siguientes aspectos: los requerimientos que deben tener el melón y el chayote en los
mercados internacionales, la importancia de los principales agentes transmisores de
información y también el interés de los productores por aspectos ambientales.
Posteriormente se utiliza el concepto de sistemas de innovación como mecanismo
generador de los cambios que permitan satisfacer las exigencias de la demanda;
específicamente se analiza los agentes que impulsan los procesos de innovación tecnológica
en el eslabón productivo del melón y el chayote, así como los principales obstáculos que
impiden realizar innovaciones en los procesos productivos.
La investigación identifica como las innovaciones realizadas en los procesos productivos de
ambas cadenas han sido determinantes para el mantenimientos de las exportaciones de
chayote y melón en los mercados internacionales.
Además, los factores intrínsicos a los productos analizados (melón y chayote) son los más
demandados por los consumidores, es decir, todos los factores relacionados con las
características físicas de los bienes (sabor, color, tamaño, textura, olor, etc); otro factor muy
importante es cumplir con las reglas institucionales de cada país para poder exportar, por
ejemplo, ley de Bioterrorismo y EUREP-GAP.
La transferencia de información que se da a través de cadenas analizadas es bastante
importante, en el caso del melón entre agentes como los comercializadores mayoristas y los
productores exportadores; en el caso del chayote sobre todo se da entre instituciones
estatales (MAG, CNP y universidades) y productores.
In this research, the concept of product global chain is used, with an emphasis from the demand through the reverted chain, this perspective allows to demonstrate the interrelation and the information flows that occur through the agents that conform the chain. For the present thesis, the information flows are evaluated through the determination of the following aspects: the requirements that melon and chayote should have in the international markets, the importance of the main information transmission agents on these market requirements, and also the interest by producers for environmental aspects. After this, the concept of systems of innovation is used as a mechanism that generates changes to allow the satisfaction of the demand exigencies, the agents that promote the technological innovation processes in the productive link of melon and chayote is analyzed specifically, as well as the main obstacles that hinder the execution of innovations in the productive processes. The research identifies how the executed innovations in the productive processes of both chains have been determined for the upkeep of exports in chayote and melon in international markets. Furthermore, the intrinsic factors to the analyzed products (melon and chayote) are the most demanded by the consumers, this means, all the factors related with the physical characteristics of the goods (taste, colour, size, texture, smell, etc.), another very important factor is the compliance of the institutional rules of each destination country to be able to export, for example the Bioterrorism Law and EUREP-GAP. The information transference that occurs through the analyzed chains is quite important, in case of melon, between the wholesale commercialization agents and the exporting producers, in the case of chayote it occurs mainly amongst state institutions (Ministry of Agriculture, National Production Council and universities) and producers.
In this research, the concept of product global chain is used, with an emphasis from the demand through the reverted chain, this perspective allows to demonstrate the interrelation and the information flows that occur through the agents that conform the chain. For the present thesis, the information flows are evaluated through the determination of the following aspects: the requirements that melon and chayote should have in the international markets, the importance of the main information transmission agents on these market requirements, and also the interest by producers for environmental aspects. After this, the concept of systems of innovation is used as a mechanism that generates changes to allow the satisfaction of the demand exigencies, the agents that promote the technological innovation processes in the productive link of melon and chayote is analyzed specifically, as well as the main obstacles that hinder the execution of innovations in the productive processes. The research identifies how the executed innovations in the productive processes of both chains have been determined for the upkeep of exports in chayote and melon in international markets. Furthermore, the intrinsic factors to the analyzed products (melon and chayote) are the most demanded by the consumers, this means, all the factors related with the physical characteristics of the goods (taste, colour, size, texture, smell, etc.), another very important factor is the compliance of the institutional rules of each destination country to be able to export, for example the Bioterrorism Law and EUREP-GAP. The information transference that occurs through the analyzed chains is quite important, in case of melon, between the wholesale commercialization agents and the exporting producers, in the case of chayote it occurs mainly amongst state institutions (Ministry of Agriculture, National Production Council and universities) and producers.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MELON, CHAYOTE, INNOVACIÓN, MERCADOS INTERNACIONALES, EXPORTACIÓN