Manual de laboratorio químico para la subárea aseguramiento de la calidad en la especialidad de agroindustria que fomente habilidades socio-científicas, a partir de un enfoque constructivista
Fecha
2021-01
Autores
Montero Durán, Widny
Pineda García, Benjamín
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El objetivo general de la presente investigación fue diseñar un manual de laboratorio químico desde un enfoque constructivista, que fomente habilidades socio-científicas dirigido a estudiantes de décimo nivel en la especialidad de agroindustria en un colegio técnico de Costa Rica. La investigación responde a un paradigma naturalista, un enfoque cualitativo dominante con un tipo de estudio fenomenológico. Los sujetos de estudio fueron los seis docentes del área mencionada de un colegio técnico de Costa Rica y la totalidad de la población estudiantil de la especialidad, los cuales fueron 32 estudiantes. Dentro de los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos se tiene una escala para el análisis de contenido, registro de desempeño, entrevista y cuestionarios dirigidos tanto a profesores como estudiantes de la especialidad. Se analizaron y triangularon los resultados para finalmente representarlos de manera gráfica con el fin de facilitar su interpretación. Algunos de los resultados más relevantes de esta investigación son: la identificación de las habilidades socio-científicas propuestas por el MEP en el programa de estudio de la especialidad de agroindustria para la subárea de Aseguramiento de la Calidad considerando las cognitivas, las actitudinales y las procedimentales de manera explícita, así mismo de forma implícita se proponen las habilidades sociales. Específicamente, se determinó que las habilidades sociales, cognitivas y actitudinales se encuentran presentes en un 100% de las temáticas de la subárea, mientras que las procedimentales se proponen en un 60%. En cuanto a la aplicación se identificó que las habilidades sociales y actitudinales (del saber actuar y el saber ser), presentaron un buen desarrollo en el trabajo de laboratorio. En contraste, las habilidades cognitivas y procedimentales (manuales e investigativas) presentaron un menor desarrollo, a pesar de que esa área de especialidad es eminente aplicada. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se elaboró un manual de laboratorio químico basado en el constructivismo, de tal manera que se favorezca el desarrollo y mejora de las habilidades socio-científicas necesarias para undécimo nivel de la subárea de aseguramiento de la calidad, en la especialidad de agroindustria. A raíz de la validación del manual por parte de los expertos en el área, se constató la pertinencia en la construcción y el contenido de éste.
The general objective of the present investigation was to design a chemical laboratory manual from a constructivist approach, which promotes socio-scientific skills aimed at tenth-level students in the specialty of agroindustry in a technical college in Costa Rica. The research responds to a naturalistic paradigm, a dominant qualitative approach with a type of phenomenological study. The study subjects were the six teachers of the aforementioned area of a technical college in Costa Rica and the entire student population of the specialty, which were 32 students. Within the instruments used for data collection there is a scale for content analysis, performance record, interview and questionnaires addressed to both professors and students of the specialty. The results were analyzed and triangulated to finally represent them graphically in order to facilitate their interpretation. Some of the most relevant results of this research are: the identification of the socio-scientific skills proposed by the MEP in the study program of the agribusiness specialty for the sub-area of Quality Assurance considering the cognitive, attitudinal and procedural ones. explicitly, likewise implicitly social skills are proposed. Specifically, it was determined that social, cognitive and attitudinal skills are present in 100% of the subarea themes, while procedural skills are proposed in 60%. Regarding the application, it was identified that social and attitudinal skills (knowing how to act and knowing how to be), presented a good development in the laboratory work. In contrast, cognitive and procedural skills (manual and investigative) presented less development, despite the fact that this specialty area is eminently applied. Based on the results obtained, a chemical laboratory manual based on constructivism was elaborated, in such a way that the development and improvement of the socio-scientific skills necessary for the eleventh level of the quality assurance subarea is favored, in the agribusiness specialty. Following the validation of the manual by experts in the area, the relevance of its construction and content was verified.
The general objective of the present investigation was to design a chemical laboratory manual from a constructivist approach, which promotes socio-scientific skills aimed at tenth-level students in the specialty of agroindustry in a technical college in Costa Rica. The research responds to a naturalistic paradigm, a dominant qualitative approach with a type of phenomenological study. The study subjects were the six teachers of the aforementioned area of a technical college in Costa Rica and the entire student population of the specialty, which were 32 students. Within the instruments used for data collection there is a scale for content analysis, performance record, interview and questionnaires addressed to both professors and students of the specialty. The results were analyzed and triangulated to finally represent them graphically in order to facilitate their interpretation. Some of the most relevant results of this research are: the identification of the socio-scientific skills proposed by the MEP in the study program of the agribusiness specialty for the sub-area of Quality Assurance considering the cognitive, attitudinal and procedural ones. explicitly, likewise implicitly social skills are proposed. Specifically, it was determined that social, cognitive and attitudinal skills are present in 100% of the subarea themes, while procedural skills are proposed in 60%. Regarding the application, it was identified that social and attitudinal skills (knowing how to act and knowing how to be), presented a good development in the laboratory work. In contrast, cognitive and procedural skills (manual and investigative) presented less development, despite the fact that this specialty area is eminently applied. Based on the results obtained, a chemical laboratory manual based on constructivism was elaborated, in such a way that the development and improvement of the socio-scientific skills necessary for the eleventh level of the quality assurance subarea is favored, in the agribusiness specialty. Following the validation of the manual by experts in the area, the relevance of its construction and content was verified.
Descripción
Montero Durán, W. y Pineda García, B. (2021). Manual de laboratorio químico para la subárea aseguramiento de la calidad en la especialidad de agroindustria que fomente habilidades socio-científicas, a partir de un enfoque constructivista. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
CONSTRUCTIVISMO (FILOSOFIA), AGROINDUSTRIA, AGROINDUSTRY, ENSEÑANZA TECNICA, ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA, ENSEÑANZA CIENTIFICA, SCIENTIFIC TEACHING, PEDAGOGIA, LABORATORIOS, APTITUDES, CIENCIA, FISICA, QUIMICA, BIOLOGIA, HABILIDADES PARA LA VIDA, MANUALES