Evolución, logros y desafíos de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) como actor multilateral emergente de integración, desarrollo y cooperación en América del Sur
Fecha
2015
Autores
Espín León, César
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación académica, se centra en el estudio de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR), como actor multilateral emergente para el fortalecimiento de la Integración Suramericana. Los objetivos de este trabajo, apuntan principalmente a analizar el proceso de creación y evolución de la UNASUR, estudiar los mecanismos, organismos e instituciones que ésta posee y sus proyectos de cooperación y desarrollo, en un esfuerzo por analizar y verificar si este organismo regional, al día de hoy, ha podido, contribuir en el camino hacia una verdadera y fuerte integración suramericana, reduciendo los principales problemas que afectan a la región. Este trabajo investigativo, también pretende, evidenciar, como este importante proceso regional, difiere y se asemeja a otros procesos regionales integracionistas en el continente americano y en Europa, siendo estos procesos, conducidos principalmente por modelos económicos, sin contar con la diversidad social y las realidades locales de cada región. La UNASUR, posee una clara ambición de alcanzar un nivel integral de cooperación en múltiples niveles entre todos sus países miembros, basado en la dimensión social de integración y en las necesidades locales de cada país miembro. Todo esto, demanda la elaboración y desarrollo de un marco teórico sólido y consistente, que permita la comprensión de la creación, evolución y funcionamiento de estos organismos regionales en base a las teorías existentes de las Relaciones Internacionales, enfocadas a la integración regional y la cooperación. Finalmente, en las conclusiones, se plasman las ideas y las observaciones más relevantes obtenidas a través del desarrollo de todo este estudio, esperando a partir de ello, sintetizar el trabajo de análisis y estudio de la UNASUR, sus logros, desafíos y sostenibilidad; con el fin de ratificar a la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) como un legítimo actor multilateral emergente de integración, desarrollo y cooperación.
This academic research focuses on the study of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), as an emerging multilateral actor for strengthening South American Integration. The objectives of this work are aimed primarily at analyzing the process of creation and evolution of UNASUR, studying the mechanisms, agencies and institutions which it possesses as well as its cooperation and development projects. This is done in an effort to analyze and verify if the current regional body has been able to contribute on the way to a real and strong South American integration, reducing the main problems affecting the region. This research is also intended to prove that this important regional process differs and is similar to other regional integration processes in the Americas and Europe, with these processes, driven mainly by economic models without social diversity and local realities of each region. UNASUR has a clear ambition to achieve a comprehensive level of cooperation at multiple levels among all its member countries, based on the social dimension of integration and local needs of each member country. All this demands the design and development of a solid and consistent theoretical framework that allows understanding of creation, development and operation of these regional organizations based on existing theories of international relations, focused on regional integration and cooperation. Finally in the conclusion, ideas and relevant observations obtained through the development of this whole study, synthesizing the work of analysis and study of the UNASUR, achievements, challenges and sustainability are reflected, in order to ratify the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) as a legitimate, emerging, multilateral actor of integration, development and cooperation.
This academic research focuses on the study of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), as an emerging multilateral actor for strengthening South American Integration. The objectives of this work are aimed primarily at analyzing the process of creation and evolution of UNASUR, studying the mechanisms, agencies and institutions which it possesses as well as its cooperation and development projects. This is done in an effort to analyze and verify if the current regional body has been able to contribute on the way to a real and strong South American integration, reducing the main problems affecting the region. This research is also intended to prove that this important regional process differs and is similar to other regional integration processes in the Americas and Europe, with these processes, driven mainly by economic models without social diversity and local realities of each region. UNASUR has a clear ambition to achieve a comprehensive level of cooperation at multiple levels among all its member countries, based on the social dimension of integration and local needs of each member country. All this demands the design and development of a solid and consistent theoretical framework that allows understanding of creation, development and operation of these regional organizations based on existing theories of international relations, focused on regional integration and cooperation. Finally in the conclusion, ideas and relevant observations obtained through the development of this whole study, synthesizing the work of analysis and study of the UNASUR, achievements, challenges and sustainability are reflected, in order to ratify the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) as a legitimate, emerging, multilateral actor of integration, development and cooperation.
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Palabras clave
AMÉRICA DEL SUR, COOPERACIÓN, DESARROLLO, INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL, COOPERATION, DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, SOUTH AMERICA