Biorremediación de nitrógeno disuelto en un sistema recirculado de agua marina utilizando tapetes microbianos
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Fecha
2015
Autores
Ramírez Flores, Silvia
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La Acuicultura marina está cobrando cada vez mayor importancia a nivel mundial como una respuesta a la sobreexplotación de los recursos pesqueros. Sin embargo, la descarga al ambiente de aguas provenientes de estos cultivos genera contaminación; el aporte de nutrientes como el nitrógeno inorgánico enriquece los cuerpos de agua naturales y degrada el ambiente. En respuesta a esta problemática se han venido utilizando sistemas que son capaces de recircular y reutilizar el agua, logrando con ello reducir el consumo de agua y disminuir el impacto de su operación. Sin embargo, para la reutilización del agua es necesario mejorar la calidad de ésta luego de su utilización, y una técnica implementada en estos sistemas son los biofiltros. En investigaciones anteriores se determinó que el uso de tapetes microbianos como sistema de biorremediación es efectivo para la eliminación del nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto; sin embargo, no se había evaluado aún si existía relación entre la densidad de biomasa presente en el tapete y la capacidad de biorremediación de éste, razón por la cual el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo, evaluar la relación de los factores anteriormente mencionados. Se utilizaron dos tipos de tapetes, uno con una biomasa inicial (peso seco) de 210.38 ± 19.30 g/m2 (Tratamiento de Alta Densidad, TAD) y el otro con una biomasa inicial de 124.75 ± 12.03 g/m2 (Tratamiento de Baja Densidad, TBD). Se observó que las concentraciones de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto (amonio, nitritos y nitratos) se mantuvieron por debajo del máximo tolerable para los organismos en cultivo. Se determinó también la tasa de colonización de los tapetes, siendo ésta más alta al inicio en el TAD (12.57 ± 0.01 g/m2/d). Se concluye que el grado de colonización de la matriz no tiene un efecto determinante en la capacidad de biorremediación de los tapetes microbianos para el procesamiento y eliminación del amonio, nitrito y nitratos generados en el sistema. El uso de tapetes microbianos puede considerarse como una tecnología efectiva que permite el tratamiento de las aguas en sistemas recirculados, mitigando la descarga de nutrientes al ambiente y garantizando las condiciones químicas necesarias para los organismos cultivados. Se recomienda realizar investigaciones similares que permitan la optimización de su funcionamiento.
Marine Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important worldwide as a response to the overexploitation of fishery resources. However, the discharge into the environment of water from these crops generates contamination; the contribution of nutrients such as inorganic nitrogen enriches natural bodies of water and degrades the environment. In response to this problem, systems have been used that are capable of recirculating and reusing water, thereby reducing water consumption and reducing the impact of its operation. However, for the reuse of water it is necessary to improve its quality after its use, and a technique implemented in these systems are biofilters. In previous investigations it was determined that the use of microbial mats as a bioremediation system is effective for the elimination of dissolved inorganic nitrogen; however, it had not yet been evaluated whether there was a relationship between the biomass density present in the mat and its bioremediation capacity, which is why the objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship of the aforementioned factors. Two types of mats were used, one with an initial biomass (dry weight) of 210.38 ± 19.30 g/m2 (High Density Treatment, TAD) and the other with an initial biomass of 124.75 ± 12.03 g/m2 (Low Density Treatment). , TBD). It was observed that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (ammonium, nitrites and nitrates) remained below the maximum tolerable for the organisms in culture. The colonization rate of the mats was also determined, being this higher at the beginning in the TAD (12.57 ± 0.01 g/m2/d). It is concluded that the degree of colonization of the matrix does not have a determining effect on the bioremediation capacity of the microbial mats for the processing and elimination of ammonium, nitrite and nitrates generated in the system. The use of microbial mats can be considered as an effective technology that allows the treatment of water in recirculated systems, mitigating the discharge of nutrients to the environment and guaranteeing the necessary chemical conditions for cultured organisms. It is recommended to carry out similar investigations that allow the optimization of its operation.
Marine Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important worldwide as a response to the overexploitation of fishery resources. However, the discharge into the environment of water from these crops generates contamination; the contribution of nutrients such as inorganic nitrogen enriches natural bodies of water and degrades the environment. In response to this problem, systems have been used that are capable of recirculating and reusing water, thereby reducing water consumption and reducing the impact of its operation. However, for the reuse of water it is necessary to improve its quality after its use, and a technique implemented in these systems are biofilters. In previous investigations it was determined that the use of microbial mats as a bioremediation system is effective for the elimination of dissolved inorganic nitrogen; however, it had not yet been evaluated whether there was a relationship between the biomass density present in the mat and its bioremediation capacity, which is why the objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship of the aforementioned factors. Two types of mats were used, one with an initial biomass (dry weight) of 210.38 ± 19.30 g/m2 (High Density Treatment, TAD) and the other with an initial biomass of 124.75 ± 12.03 g/m2 (Low Density Treatment). , TBD). It was observed that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (ammonium, nitrites and nitrates) remained below the maximum tolerable for the organisms in culture. The colonization rate of the mats was also determined, being this higher at the beginning in the TAD (12.57 ± 0.01 g/m2/d). It is concluded that the degree of colonization of the matrix does not have a determining effect on the bioremediation capacity of the microbial mats for the processing and elimination of ammonium, nitrite and nitrates generated in the system. The use of microbial mats can be considered as an effective technology that allows the treatment of water in recirculated systems, mitigating the discharge of nutrients to the environment and guaranteeing the necessary chemical conditions for cultured organisms. It is recommended to carry out similar investigations that allow the optimization of its operation.
Descripción
Ramírez Flores, S. (2015). Biorremediación de nitrógeno disuelto en un sistema recirculado de agua marina utilizando tapetes microbianos. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ACUICULTURA, AQUACULTURE, NITROGENO, NITROGEN, BIOMASA