Humanismo: innatismo y construcción: Reflexiones sobre el debate entre Chomsky y Piaget
Fecha
2022-03-23
Autores
Morales Estrella, David
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Centro de Estudios Generales, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este artículo trata de una revisión de las teorías de Jean Piaget y Noam Chomsky sobre el origen del lenguaje y el conocimiento, para obtener reflexiones que guíen una síntesis entre ambas. El propósito es argumentar en favor de la necesidad de un Nuevo humanismo, una formulación ético-filosófica y epistemológica impulsada por la Cátedra Ibn Jaldún, un grupo de académicos del Centro de Estudios Gene-rales de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. El constructivismo, la epistemo-logía genética y la psicogénesis del conocimiento, son aportados por Piaget, y las aportaciones de Chomsky son la gramática generativa, las estructuras innatas y la disciplina de la psicolingüística. Ambas representan revoluciones científicas que dieron fin a la tabula rasa, pero también se muestran irreconciliables pues contras-tan estructuras innatas y estructuras transformacionales. Esto es importante para el humanismo, porque entender el conocimiento y el lenguaje como facultades biológicas y al sujeto epistémico como centro de su desarrollo progresivo, nos cerca al planteamiento de un humanismo en sentido biológico, es decir, a la descripción de una tendencia innata a la autoemancipación2, genéticamente determinada y con leyes de composición sistémicas.
This article deals with the theories of Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky, concerning the origins of language and knowledge, to formulate some ideas about how to reach a syn-thesis between both authors. The purpose is to raise an argument in favor of the need for a New Humanism, an ethical-philosophical and epistemological perspective promoted by the Ibn Khaldun, which has been the focus of interest and research by a group of ac-ademics from the Centre for General Studies at The National University of Costa Rica. Constructivism, genetic epistemology, and psychogenesis of knowledge are proposals by Piaget, and Chomsky’s are the generative grammar, innate structures and psycholin-guistics. Both perspectives represent scientific revolutions that went against the notion of tabula rasa but are oftentimes considered apparently non reconcilable due to the contrast between the notions of innate structures and transformative structures. This is important for Humanism given the fact that understanding knowledge and language as biological competencies and the epistemic subject as the center of its progressive development is conducive to a better understanding of humanism in its biological sense, thus, to a deeper insight into our innate tendency towards self-emancipation, genetically conditioned and within a socially systemic process.
This article deals with the theories of Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky, concerning the origins of language and knowledge, to formulate some ideas about how to reach a syn-thesis between both authors. The purpose is to raise an argument in favor of the need for a New Humanism, an ethical-philosophical and epistemological perspective promoted by the Ibn Khaldun, which has been the focus of interest and research by a group of ac-ademics from the Centre for General Studies at The National University of Costa Rica. Constructivism, genetic epistemology, and psychogenesis of knowledge are proposals by Piaget, and Chomsky’s are the generative grammar, innate structures and psycholin-guistics. Both perspectives represent scientific revolutions that went against the notion of tabula rasa but are oftentimes considered apparently non reconcilable due to the contrast between the notions of innate structures and transformative structures. This is important for Humanism given the fact that understanding knowledge and language as biological competencies and the epistemic subject as the center of its progressive development is conducive to a better understanding of humanism in its biological sense, thus, to a deeper insight into our innate tendency towards self-emancipation, genetically conditioned and within a socially systemic process.
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Palabras clave
EPISTEMOLOGÍA, HUMANISMO, CONSTRUCTIVISMO (EDUCACIÓN), EPISTEMOLOGY, HUMANISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM (EDUCATION)