Evaluación de Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis y Streptomyces sp., como potenciales microorganismos solubilizadores de fósforo (P) en un suelo Andisol
Fecha
2023
Autores
Borbón Valverde, Luis Felipe
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio evaluó la solubilización de fósforo (P) de las bacterias Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens y Streptomyces sp., pertenecientes a la empresa Laboratorio BIOMACA®, como potenciales microorganismos que permitan a las plantas disponer de una mayor cantidad de P asimilable. Se hicieron ensayos en condiciones in vitro: pruebas de antagonismo con la técnica de estría cruzada, para descartar incompatibilidad entre las bacterias; evaluación cualitativa de la capacidad solubilizadora de P a partir de roca fosfórica, con medio National Botanical Research Institute phosphate growth médium (NBRIP) sólido, mediante el cálculo y clasificación de índices de solubilización (IS); cuantificación de P solubilizado con el test de fosfato HI 38061 HANNA®; y detección de ácidos orgánicos mediante cromatografía en capa fina (CCF) con medio NBRIP líquido. Asimismo, se determinó la capacidad de las bacterias para solubilizar P en un suelo Andisol durante cinco meses, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se aplicaron dos inoculaciones (los días 1° y 15° de cada mes), a una concentración de 1x108 UFC/ml-1 cada bacteria. Se analizó una vez al mes la cantidad de P disponible en el suelo con solución extractora KCl-OLSEN modificada, así como el pH mediante potenciometría en agua y cloruro de potasio (KCl). Las pruebas de estría cruzada evidenciaron que las bacterias fueron compatibles entre sí en las diferentes combinaciones. Con la evaluación cualitativa se demostró que las tres bacterias solubilizaron P a partir de roca fosfórica, ya que éstas formaron distintos halos de solubilización; <> (IS 5.85) y <> (IS 2.28) fueron los tratamientos con mayor y menor capacidad de solubilización, respectivamente. Con el análisis de cuantificación se encontró que las tres bacterias y sus co-inoculaciones también solubilizaron P en medio NBRIP líquido, acompañado de un descenso en el pH del medio; <> (16.13 mg/l P; pH 4.85) y <> (15.80 mg/l P; pH 4.74) fueron los tratamientos con mayor solubilización de P. Sin embargo, no se detectó la presencia de ácidos orgánicos liberados al medio en ningún día de evaluación. Por otro lado, los ensayos en condiciones de invernadero mostraron que ninguna inoculación o co-inoculación aumentó la cantidad de P disponible en el suelo. Se concluye que las bacterias tienen la capacidad de solubilizar P inorgánico a partir de roca fosfórica, y que este proceso podría atribuirse a otros mecanismos y no exclusivamente a la producción de ácidos orgánicos. Además, que éstas bacterias no solubilizaron P en el suelo, posiblemente por condiciones rizosféricas y características edafológicas propias del suelo Andisol evaluado.
This study evaluated phosphorus (P) solubilization of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptomyces sp. bacteria, owned by Laboratorio BIOMACA®, as a potential microorganisms that allow plants to have a greater amount of available P. The following tests were carried out under in vitro conditions: antagonism tests with cross-streak technique, to discard incompatibility between each other; qualitative evaluation of the capacity to solubilize P from rock phosphate with NBRIP solid medium, through determination and classification of solubilization index (SI); quantification of solubilized P with HI 38061 HANNA® phosphate test; and detection of organic acids by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with NBRIP liquid medium. In addition, capacity of bacteria to solubilize P in an Andisol soil was tested during five months, under greenhouse conditions. Two inoculations were applied per month at a concentration of 1x108 CFU/ml-1 of each bacteria. Amount of available P was determined once a month with modified KCl-OLSEN extractor solution, as well as pH with water and potassium chloride (KCl) method. Cross-streak tests showed that strains were not antagonistic between each other in any of the combinations. Qualitative evaluation with NBRIP solid medium demonstrated that the three bacteria solubilized P from rock phosphate, since they all formed different solubilization halos; <> (SI 5.85) and <> (SI 2.28) were the treatments with the highest and lowest solubilization capacity, respectively. Quantification analysis revealed that the three bacteria and their co-inoculations also solubilized P in NBRIP liquid medium, and this was followed by a decrease in the pH of the medium; <> (16.13 mg/l P; pH 4.85) and <> (15.80 mg/l P; pH 4.74) were the treatments with highest solubilization. Nevertheless, organic acids released into the medium were not detected in none of the evaluation days. On the other hand, greenhouse trials showed that neither inoculation nor co-inoculation increased the amount of available P in the soil. It is concluded that the three bacteria possess the capacity to solubilize inorganic P from rock phosphate, and this process could be due to other mechanisms and not exclusively to organic acids production. Also, that none of the three bacteria were able to solubilize P in the soil due to rhizosphere conditions and soil properties inherent to the Andisol soil evaluated.
This study evaluated phosphorus (P) solubilization of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptomyces sp. bacteria, owned by Laboratorio BIOMACA®, as a potential microorganisms that allow plants to have a greater amount of available P. The following tests were carried out under in vitro conditions: antagonism tests with cross-streak technique, to discard incompatibility between each other; qualitative evaluation of the capacity to solubilize P from rock phosphate with NBRIP solid medium, through determination and classification of solubilization index (SI); quantification of solubilized P with HI 38061 HANNA® phosphate test; and detection of organic acids by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with NBRIP liquid medium. In addition, capacity of bacteria to solubilize P in an Andisol soil was tested during five months, under greenhouse conditions. Two inoculations were applied per month at a concentration of 1x108 CFU/ml-1 of each bacteria. Amount of available P was determined once a month with modified KCl-OLSEN extractor solution, as well as pH with water and potassium chloride (KCl) method. Cross-streak tests showed that strains were not antagonistic between each other in any of the combinations. Qualitative evaluation with NBRIP solid medium demonstrated that the three bacteria solubilized P from rock phosphate, since they all formed different solubilization halos; <> (SI 5.85) and <> (SI 2.28) were the treatments with the highest and lowest solubilization capacity, respectively. Quantification analysis revealed that the three bacteria and their co-inoculations also solubilized P in NBRIP liquid medium, and this was followed by a decrease in the pH of the medium; <> (16.13 mg/l P; pH 4.85) and <> (15.80 mg/l P; pH 4.74) were the treatments with highest solubilization. Nevertheless, organic acids released into the medium were not detected in none of the evaluation days. On the other hand, greenhouse trials showed that neither inoculation nor co-inoculation increased the amount of available P in the soil. It is concluded that the three bacteria possess the capacity to solubilize inorganic P from rock phosphate, and this process could be due to other mechanisms and not exclusively to organic acids production. Also, that none of the three bacteria were able to solubilize P in the soil due to rhizosphere conditions and soil properties inherent to the Andisol soil evaluated.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía, con énfasis en Agricultura Alternativa, bajo la modalidad de tesis.
Palabras clave
CULTIVO IN VITRO, IN VITRO FERTILIZATION, BACTERIAS, BACTERIA, RIZOSFERA, RHIZOSPHERE, FRUTAS CÍTRICAS, CITRUS FRUITS, SUELO, SOIL, ÁCIDOS, ACIDS