Propuesta para el Sistema de Gestión Ambiental conforme a los requisitos de la norma internacional INTE/ISO 14001: 2015 para el Campus de Liberia de la Universidad Nacional, ubicada en Guanacaste, Costa Rica, en el periodo de 2021-2022
Fecha
2023-11
Autores
Bolaños Zúñiga, Rebeca Jimena
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el presente trabajo final de graduación encontrará una propuesta para el Sistema de Gestión Ambiental (SGA) del Campus Liberia de la Universidad Nacional. Esta propuesta se basa en la atención de los requisitos de la norma INTE/ISO 14001:2015, con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de los aspectos ambientales y minimizar los impactos producto de los procesos y actividades del campus. Se realizó un diagnóstico que abarca la descripción general de la institución, se identificaron los procesos y actividades llevadas a cabo, y se reconoció la situación del campus con respecto a los requisitos de la norma. Se determinó un nivel de cumplimiento de los requisitos de la norma de un 31.70 %. Además, se evaluó la percepción del desempeño ambiental por parte de la comunidad universitaria, obteniendo porcentajes muy positivos, los cuales reflejan el compromiso y la labor del campus en la gestión ambiental. A raíz del diagnóstico se determinó que no se contaba con la información documentada necesaria para el SGA. Se elaboró un plan de acciones correctivas que planteó la generación de toda la información documentada necesaria para cumplir con la totalidad de los requisitos de la norma. Por último, el plan de gestión ambiental, donde se plantearon los objetivos generales para el SGA que son: 1. Mejorar el desempeño ambiental del Campus Liberia de la Universidad Nacional para disminuir los impactos negativos al ambiente, 2. Mejorar el cumplimiento de la legislación ambiental aplicable a la Universidad y 3. Desarrollar una cultura ambiental en la comunidad universitaria. Para cada aspecto ambiental identificado se establecieron objetivos estratégicos, con su respectiva meta, indicadores base, recursos y los responsables. Se concluye que el campus cuenta con un gran potencial para llevar a cabo una adecuada implementación del sistema de gestión ambiental. Esto se debe a la base establecida por el programa de gestión ambiental institucional. Para aprovechar este potencial se recomienda brindar capacitaciones al personal sobre el SGA y realizar auditorías internas. De esta manera, podrán adquirir los conocimientos, las habilidades y herramientas necesarias para lograr una implementación adecuada. Además, es importante designar roles y responsabilidades claras en el proceso.
In this final graduation work you will find a proposal for the Environmental Management System (EMS) of the Liberia Campus of the National University. This proposal is based on the requirements of the INTE/ISO 14001:2015 standard, with the objective of improving the management of environmental aspects and minimizing the impacts resulting from the processes and activities of the campus. A diagnosis was made covering the general description of the institution, the processes and activities carried out were identified, and the situation of the campus with respect to the requirements of the standard was recognized. A level of compliance with the requirements of the standard of 31.70% was determined. In addition, the perception of environmental performance by the university community was evaluated, obtaining very positive percentages, which reflect the commitment and work of the campus in environmental management. As a result of the diagnosis, it was determined that there was no documented information necessary for the EMS. A corrective action plan was developed, which proposed the generation of all the necessary documented information to comply with all the requirements of the standard. Finally, the environmental management plan, where the general objectives for the EMS were established: 1. To improve the environmental performance of the Liberia Campus of the Universidad Nacional to reduce negative impacts on the environment; 2. For each environmental aspect identified, strategic objectives were established, with their respective goals, base indicators, resources and those responsible. It is concluded that the campus has a great potential to carry out an adequate implementation of the environmental management system. This is due to the basis established by the institutional environmental management program. To take advantage of this potential, it is recommended that staff be trained on the EMS and that internal audits be conducted. In this way, they will be able to acquire the knowledge, skills and tools necessary for proper implementation. It is also important to designate clear roles and responsibilities in the process.
In this final graduation work you will find a proposal for the Environmental Management System (EMS) of the Liberia Campus of the National University. This proposal is based on the requirements of the INTE/ISO 14001:2015 standard, with the objective of improving the management of environmental aspects and minimizing the impacts resulting from the processes and activities of the campus. A diagnosis was made covering the general description of the institution, the processes and activities carried out were identified, and the situation of the campus with respect to the requirements of the standard was recognized. A level of compliance with the requirements of the standard of 31.70% was determined. In addition, the perception of environmental performance by the university community was evaluated, obtaining very positive percentages, which reflect the commitment and work of the campus in environmental management. As a result of the diagnosis, it was determined that there was no documented information necessary for the EMS. A corrective action plan was developed, which proposed the generation of all the necessary documented information to comply with all the requirements of the standard. Finally, the environmental management plan, where the general objectives for the EMS were established: 1. To improve the environmental performance of the Liberia Campus of the Universidad Nacional to reduce negative impacts on the environment; 2. For each environmental aspect identified, strategic objectives were established, with their respective goals, base indicators, resources and those responsible. It is concluded that the campus has a great potential to carry out an adequate implementation of the environmental management system. This is due to the basis established by the institutional environmental management program. To take advantage of this potential, it is recommended that staff be trained on the EMS and that internal audits be conducted. In this way, they will be able to acquire the knowledge, skills and tools necessary for proper implementation. It is also important to designate clear roles and responsibilities in the process.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Gestión Ambiental con modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
NORMAS DE CALIDAD, QUALITY STANDARDS, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, HIGHER EDUCATION, ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, AUDITORIA AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT, AUDITORÍA DE GESTIÓN, MANAGEMENT AUDIT, UNIVERSIDADES, UNIVERSITIES