La organización comunal y su rol en el desarrollo comunitario: la experiencia de la Unión Cantonal de Asociaciones de Desarrollo de San Rafael de Heredia en el periodo del 2012 al 2018
Fecha
2020-05-15
Autores
Arévalo Bonilla, Ericka
Quesada Sancho, Fabiola
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La organización comunal es una instancia que lidera e impulsa procesos para
solventar necesidades de carácter social, cultural, económico, ambiental y
tecnológico, buscando así el desarrollo local, específicamente a nivel de los
territorios conocidos como vecindarios, barrios o comunidades.
Al respecto, este tipo de agrupaciones utiliza diferentes herramientas que le
permiten emplear de manera efectiva los recursos que tiene bajo su
responsabilidad, con el propósito de cumplir con las metas y objetivos establecidos
para un periodo de tiempo determinado.
En relación con esta dinámica, el presente proyecto de graduación analizó el rol de
una organización comunal en el proceso de gestión, concretamente se abordó la
gestión realizada por parte de la Unión Cantonal de Asociaciones de Desarrollo de
San Rafael de Heredia durante el periodo del 2012 al 2018.
Este trabajo de investigación está dividido de manera estructural en seis capítulos,
cada uno de estos es un elemento clave para el cumplimiento de los distintos
objetivos planteados y el abordaje pertinente de la temática definida.
Así, el capítulo I, titulado: “El problema y su importancia”, parte de la interrogante:
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de la Unión Cantonal de Asociaciones de Desarrollo de San
Rafael de Heredia, en los procesos de desarrollo comunitario de dicho cantón, en el
periodo del 2012 al 2018?
En este capítulo se mencionan los antecedentes del problema de investigación, la
justificación, los objetivos, además de los alcances y las limitaciones
experimentados durante el proceso de desarrollo de la indagación. De igual modo,
se visualizan las políticas gubernamentales que respaldan la misma. Asimismo, se
hace un acercamiento a la experiencia de Chile, Colombia, Guatemala y El Salvador
en el tema de desarrollo comunal. También, en el ámbito nacional se presenta una
aproximación de la gestión que realizan las uniones cantonales de Tibás,
Talamanca, parte este de Río Debajo de Puerto Viejo y Santo Domingo, con el fin
de conocer de mejor forma el quehacer de las uniones cantonales.
iv
En el capítulo II, “Marco teórico”, se detallan teorías que respaldan la investigación,
citando conceptos que ayudan a comprender la organización comunal y su rol en el
desarrollo comunitario. Entre estos conceptos, destacan el desarrollo comunitario,
comunidad, organizaciones de base y proyectos que generan planificación, gestión
y participación.
El capítulo III, “Marco metodológico”, indica el enfoque y tipo de investigación.
Además, establece la delimitación geográfica, los sujetos de estudio, la
determinación y selección de la muestra, la elaboración de los instrumentos
(entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales) por utilizar para recopilar la
información, y la operacionalización de las variables que respondan a los objetivos
formulados en esta investigación.
El capítulo IV, “Análisis de la información”, recopila, sistematiza y analiza los datos
obtenidos por medio de los instrumentos utilizados para este trabajo. Se destacan
los principales proyectos desarrollados por la Unión Cantonal de Asociaciones de
Desarrollo de San Rafael de Heredia y los procesos en los cuales esta organización
ayudó a las ADI afiliadas. También se identifica el rol de la ADI con respecto a la
Unión Cantonal.
Ahora bien, una vez detallada la información obtenida por parte de los sujetos de
investigación, en el capítulo V, “Propuesta”, se cuenta con los insumos necesarios
para establecer una propuesta que posibilite abordar de manera asertiva el
problema planteado.
Finalmente, en el capítulo VI se citan las conclusiones y recomendaciones derivadas
del presente proceso investigativo.
The community organization is an instance that leads and promotes processes to solve needs of a social, cultural, economic, environmental and technological, thus seeking local development, specifically at the level of territories known as neighborhoods, neighborhoods, or communities. In this regard, this type of group uses different tools that allow you to effectively use the resources you have under your responsibility, in order to meet the established goals and objectives for a specified period of time. In relation to this dynamic, this graduation project analyzed the role of a community organization in the management process, specifically addressing the management carried out by the Cantonal Union of Development Associations of San Rafael de Heredia during the period from 2012 to 2018. This research work is structurally divided into six chapters, Each of these is a key element for the fulfillment of the different objectives and the pertinent approach to the defined theme. Thus, chapter I, entitled: "The problem and its importance", starts with the question: What has been the role of the Cantonal Union of Development Associations of San Rafael de Heredia, in the community development processes of said canton, in the period from 2012 to 2018? In this chapter, the background of the research problem, the justification, objectives, as well as scope and limitations experienced during the inquiry development process. Similarly, the government policies that support it are displayed. Also, makes an approach to the experience of Chile, Colombia, Guatemala and El Salvador on the issue of community development. Also, at the national level there is a approach to the management carried out by the cantonal unions of Tibás, Talamanca, eastern In chapter II, "Theoretical framework", the theories that support the research are detailed, citing concepts that help to understand the community organization and its role in the community development. These concepts include community development, community, grassroots organizations and projects that generate planning, management and participation. Chapter III, "Methodological framework", indicates the focus and type of research. In addition, it establishes the geographical delimitation, the study subjects, the determination and selection of the sample, the elaboration of the instruments (semi-structured interviews and focus groups) to be used to collect the information, and the operationalization of the variables that respond to the objectives formulated in this research. Chapter IV, "Information Analysis", collects, systematizes and analyzes the data obtained through the instruments used for this work. Stand out the main projects developed by the Cantonal Union of Associations of Development of San Rafael de Heredia and the processes in which this organization helped affiliated ADIs. The role of ADI is also identified with respect to Cantonal Union. Now, once the information obtained by the subjects of the research, in chapter V, "Proposal", there are the necessary inputs to establish a proposal that makes it possible to assertively address the posed problem. Finally, chapter VI cites the conclusions and recommendations derived of the present investigative process
The community organization is an instance that leads and promotes processes to solve needs of a social, cultural, economic, environmental and technological, thus seeking local development, specifically at the level of territories known as neighborhoods, neighborhoods, or communities. In this regard, this type of group uses different tools that allow you to effectively use the resources you have under your responsibility, in order to meet the established goals and objectives for a specified period of time. In relation to this dynamic, this graduation project analyzed the role of a community organization in the management process, specifically addressing the management carried out by the Cantonal Union of Development Associations of San Rafael de Heredia during the period from 2012 to 2018. This research work is structurally divided into six chapters, Each of these is a key element for the fulfillment of the different objectives and the pertinent approach to the defined theme. Thus, chapter I, entitled: "The problem and its importance", starts with the question: What has been the role of the Cantonal Union of Development Associations of San Rafael de Heredia, in the community development processes of said canton, in the period from 2012 to 2018? In this chapter, the background of the research problem, the justification, objectives, as well as scope and limitations experienced during the inquiry development process. Similarly, the government policies that support it are displayed. Also, makes an approach to the experience of Chile, Colombia, Guatemala and El Salvador on the issue of community development. Also, at the national level there is a approach to the management carried out by the cantonal unions of Tibás, Talamanca, eastern In chapter II, "Theoretical framework", the theories that support the research are detailed, citing concepts that help to understand the community organization and its role in the community development. These concepts include community development, community, grassroots organizations and projects that generate planning, management and participation. Chapter III, "Methodological framework", indicates the focus and type of research. In addition, it establishes the geographical delimitation, the study subjects, the determination and selection of the sample, the elaboration of the instruments (semi-structured interviews and focus groups) to be used to collect the information, and the operationalization of the variables that respond to the objectives formulated in this research. Chapter IV, "Information Analysis", collects, systematizes and analyzes the data obtained through the instruments used for this work. Stand out the main projects developed by the Cantonal Union of Associations of Development of San Rafael de Heredia and the processes in which this organization helped affiliated ADIs. The role of ADI is also identified with respect to Cantonal Union. Now, once the information obtained by the subjects of the research, in chapter V, "Proposal", there are the necessary inputs to establish a proposal that makes it possible to assertively address the posed problem. Finally, chapter VI cites the conclusions and recommendations derived of the present investigative process
Descripción
Palabras clave
SAN RAFAEL (HEREDIA), HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION, PLANES DE DESARROLLO, DEVELOPMENT PLANS