Imagen Corporal en Ciclistas de Ruta Hombres de Categorías Élite y Recreativa de Costa Rica: un Estudio desde la Psicología del Deporte
Fecha
2025-08-05
Autores
Gómez Hernández, Yoselin
Seas Campos, Jocelyn Andrea
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el ámbito deportivo, la imagen corporal (IC) representa un constructo de gran relevancia, al estar estrechamente relacionada con la percepción que las personas tienen sobre su propio cuerpo, así como con variables psicológicas, sociales y conductuales que pueden influir significativamente en su bienestar. En disciplinas como el ciclismo, caracterizadas por altos niveles de exigencia física y presión por mantener ciertos estándares corporales, la IC adquiere un papel fundamental, ya que puede incidir no solo en el rendimiento, sino también en la salud mental de quienes lo practican. Históricamente, la mayoría de estudios sobre imagen corporal han centrado su atención en poblaciones de mujeres, dejando de lado a los hombres deportistas, particularmente en contextos latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, la literatura reciente ha evidenciado que los varones también experimentan altos niveles de insatisfacción corporal, especialmente en deportes donde el bajo peso y la resistencia física son claves para el desempeño, como es el caso del ciclismo de ruta. Este fenómeno ha sido vinculado con una mayor propensión a desarrollar conductas de riesgo, como la restricción alimentaria, el uso excesivo del ejercicio físico y el uso de sustancias para modificar el cuerpo, lo que refuerza la necesidad de explorarlo desde una perspectiva psicológica. En Costa Rica, la práctica del ciclismo ha crecido tanto a nivel competitivo como recreativo, especialmente después de la pandemia, lo que ha generado nuevas dinámicas en torno a la corporalidad y el deporte. A pesar de este auge, existen pocas investigaciones que aborden la imagen corporal en ciclistas varones, lo que limita la comprensión de sus experiencias y posibles necesidades de acompañamiento psicológico. En este contexto, surge la presente investigación, cuyo propósito es indagar el constructo de la imagen corporal en ciclistas de ruta varones costarricenses, diferenciando entre quienes se desempeñan en la categoría élite y quienes lo hacen de forma recreativa. Así, esta tesis busca aportar evidencia científica a una temática emergente, desde una perspectiva crítica y contextualizada, que reconozca al cuerpo como una construcción social y subjetiva para cada individuo, atravesada por la cultura deportiva, los ideales de masculinidad, y las exigencias del alto rendimiento. Su contribución pretende fortalecer el abordaje psicológico integral en el deporte costarricense y abrir camino a futuras investigaciones en esta línea.
In the field of sports, body image (BI) represents a highly relevant construct, as it is closely related to individuals’ perceptions of their own bodies, as well as to psychological, social, and behavioral variables that can significantly influence their well-being. In disciplines such as cycling—characterized by high levels of physical demand and pressure to maintain certain body standards—BI plays a crucial role, as it can impact not only performance but also the mental health of those who practice it. Historically, most studies on body image have focused on female populations, often overlooking male athletes, particularly in Latin American contexts. However, recent literature has shown that men also experience high levels of body dissatisfaction, especially in sports where low body weight and physical endurance are key to performance, such as road cycling. This phenomenon has been linked to a greater tendency to develop risk behaviors, such as food restriction, excessive physical exercise, and the use of substances to modify the body—reinforcing the need to explore it from a psychological perspective. In Costa Rica, the practice of cycling has grown both competitively and recreationally, especially after the pandemic, creating new dynamics around corporeality and sport. Despite this growth, there is a lack of research addressing body image in male cyclists, limiting our understanding of their experiences and potential psychological support needs. Within this context, the present study aims to explore the construct of body image in Costa Rican male road cyclists, differentiating between those who compete at the elite level and those who ride recreationally. This thesis seeks to contribute scientific evidence to an emerging topic, through a critical and contextualized perspective that recognizes the body as a social and subjective construct shaped by sports culture, masculine ideals, and high-performance demands. Its contribution aims to strengthen comprehensive psychological approaches in Costa Rican sports and pave the way for future research in this field.
In the field of sports, body image (BI) represents a highly relevant construct, as it is closely related to individuals’ perceptions of their own bodies, as well as to psychological, social, and behavioral variables that can significantly influence their well-being. In disciplines such as cycling—characterized by high levels of physical demand and pressure to maintain certain body standards—BI plays a crucial role, as it can impact not only performance but also the mental health of those who practice it. Historically, most studies on body image have focused on female populations, often overlooking male athletes, particularly in Latin American contexts. However, recent literature has shown that men also experience high levels of body dissatisfaction, especially in sports where low body weight and physical endurance are key to performance, such as road cycling. This phenomenon has been linked to a greater tendency to develop risk behaviors, such as food restriction, excessive physical exercise, and the use of substances to modify the body—reinforcing the need to explore it from a psychological perspective. In Costa Rica, the practice of cycling has grown both competitively and recreationally, especially after the pandemic, creating new dynamics around corporeality and sport. Despite this growth, there is a lack of research addressing body image in male cyclists, limiting our understanding of their experiences and potential psychological support needs. Within this context, the present study aims to explore the construct of body image in Costa Rican male road cyclists, differentiating between those who compete at the elite level and those who ride recreationally. This thesis seeks to contribute scientific evidence to an emerging topic, through a critical and contextualized perspective that recognizes the body as a social and subjective construct shaped by sports culture, masculine ideals, and high-performance demands. Its contribution aims to strengthen comprehensive psychological approaches in Costa Rican sports and pave the way for future research in this field.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PSICOLOGÍA DEL DEPORTE, IMAGEN CORPORAL, CICLISMO, MASCULINIDAD, SPORT PSYCHOLOGY, BODY IMAGE, CYCLING, MASCULINITY