Análisis de los factores que influyen en la participación de la persona menor de edad en el Consejo Participativo de la Niñez y la Adolescencia de Pavas en el periodo 2017-2021
Fecha
2023
Autores
Robles Olivares, Amy
Gutiérrez Umaña, Yuliana
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El eje central de la presente investigación es la participación de las personas menores de edad, abordada desde la identificación de los factores que influyen en ella, dentro de un contexto como en el que se encuentra presente el Consejo Participativo de Niñez y Adolescencia de Pavas. Esta investigación se plantea con el fin de conocer aquellos aspectos que determinan la participación de la Persona Menor de Edad (PME). Los Consejos Participativos de la Niñez y Adolescencia son una estrategia implementada por el Patronato Nacional de la Infancia. Estos espacios se crearon con el objetivo de propiciar el derecho de la participación en la PME. Sin embargo, por medio de la investigación fue posible reconocer ciertas problemáticas que afectan el ejercicio pleno de este derecho en esta agrupación. Como parte de la situación problemática, se detectó que existen ciertas debilidades en el tema de los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Entre los principales aspectos, se encuentra que: no hay una correcta implementación de las leyes que favorecen a la población menor de edad, específicamente en temas de participación. Aunado a lo anterior, debido a los recortes presupuestarios del PANI, los Consejos Participativos se han visto afectados directamente, ya que no cuentan con materiales, estimulos y espacios físicos para desarrollar las actividades que se plantean desde este importante grupo. Las problemáticas mencionadas anteriormente, se identificaron por medio de la aplicación de diversas técnicas de recolección de informacion (entrevistas abiertas, lluvia de ideas, mapeo de actores, árbol de significados) las cuales se le realizaron a la PME del Consejo Participativo de Pavas y a las autoridades del PANI y del Ministerio de Salud. Ahora bien, como parte de los resultados obtenidos, se desprende que, en relación con las dinámicas del Consejo Participativo, se determinó que la PME aporta ideas importantes sobre actividades para la comunidad. Estas actividades tienen que responder a un marco legal institucional, el Patronato Nacional de la Infancia. Esto permite ciertas ventajas para la agrupación; sin embargo, en algunos ámbitos restringe las dinámicas del Consejo Participativo. En la temática de limitaciones, se denota que la participación de la PME se puede ver restringida, porque las personas integrantes asisten a diversos grupos (artísticos, deportivos, comunales, religiosos, entre otros), lo cual los coloca en una posición de elegir aquella agrupación en la que tienen una mayor motivación, pues el rol que adquieren es de gran importancia. Y respecto a qué les motiva a participar, se resalta el tipo de metodología utilizada en las sesiones del Consejo Participativo, ya que suelen inclinarse por actividades más dinámicas e interactivas. En cuanto a los alcances de la participación, se analizan desde cuatro perspectivas diferentes: el Consejo Participativo, la cotidianidad de la PME, en la comunidad y en la institucionalidad. La PME reconoció que su participación no trascendió en la parte institucional, y que sus ideas no fueron tomadas en cuenta dentro del PANI. Sin embargo, la PME tiene un criterio bastante positivo del Consejo Participativo, ya que este siempre se propició dentro de un ambiente lleno de valores, lo cual permitió que las personas integrantes se familiarizaran con facilidad. Por esta razón, es que iniciativas como el consejo son importantes dentro de poblaciones con contextos diferentes, como es el distrito Pavas. A raíz de los hallazgos encontrados en la investigación, se realizó una propuesta para el mejoramiento de la relación del Consejo Participativo con su entorno, así como su incidencia en la población menor de edad de Pavas. La intención de la propuesta es que la estrategia planteada por el PANI a través del Consejo Participativo, siga garantizando el derecho de la participación de la PME.
The central axis of this research is the participation of minors, addressed from the identification of the factors that influence it, within a context such as the one in which the Participatory Council for Children and Adolescents of Pavas is present. This research is proposed in order to know those aspects that determine the participation of the Minor Person (PME). The Participatory Councils for Children and Adolescents are a strategy implemented by the National Children's Trust. These spaces were created with the objective of promoting the right to participate in the PME. However, through the research it was possible to recognize certain problems that affect the full exercise of this right in this group. As part of the problematic situation, it was detected that there are certain weaknesses in the issue of the rights of children and adolescents. Among the main aspects, it is found that: there is no correct implementation of the laws that favor the minor population, specifically in matters of participation. In addition to the above, due to the PANI budget cuts, the Participatory Councils have been directly affected, since they do not have materials, incentives and physical spaces to develop the activities that are proposed by this important group. The problems mentioned above were identified through the application of various information gathering techniques (open interviews, brainstorming, mapping of actors, tree of meanings) which were carried out by the PME of the Participatory Council of Pavas and the authorities of the PANI and the Ministry of Health. Now, as part of the results obtained, it is clear that, in relation to the dynamics of the Participatory Council, it was determined that the PME contributes important ideas on activities for the community. These activities have to respond to an institutional legal framework, the National Children's Trust. This allows certain advantages for the group; however, in some areas it restricts the dynamics of the Participatory Council. In the area of limitations, it is noted that the participation of the PME can be restricted, because the members attend various groups (artistic, sports, community, religious, among others), which puts them in a position to choose the group in which they have a greater motivation, since the role they acquire is of great importance. And regarding what motivates them to participate, the type of methodology used in the sessions of the Participatory Council is highlighted, since they tend to lean towards more dynamic and interactive activities. Regarding the scope of participation, they are analyzed from four different perspectives: the Participatory Council, the daily life of the PME, in the community and in the institutionality. The PME recognized that its participation did not transcend the institutional part, and that its ideas were not taken into account within the PANI. However, the PME has a very positive opinion of the Participatory Council, since it was always promoted within an environment full of values, which allowed the members to become familiar with it easily. For this reason, initiatives such as the council are important within populations with different contexts, such as the Pavas district. Based on the findings of the research, a proposal was made to improve the relationship of the Participatory Council with its environment, as well as its impact on the underage population of Pavas. The intention of the proposal is that the strategy proposed by the PANI through the Participatory Council continues to guarantee the right of participation of the PME.
The central axis of this research is the participation of minors, addressed from the identification of the factors that influence it, within a context such as the one in which the Participatory Council for Children and Adolescents of Pavas is present. This research is proposed in order to know those aspects that determine the participation of the Minor Person (PME). The Participatory Councils for Children and Adolescents are a strategy implemented by the National Children's Trust. These spaces were created with the objective of promoting the right to participate in the PME. However, through the research it was possible to recognize certain problems that affect the full exercise of this right in this group. As part of the problematic situation, it was detected that there are certain weaknesses in the issue of the rights of children and adolescents. Among the main aspects, it is found that: there is no correct implementation of the laws that favor the minor population, specifically in matters of participation. In addition to the above, due to the PANI budget cuts, the Participatory Councils have been directly affected, since they do not have materials, incentives and physical spaces to develop the activities that are proposed by this important group. The problems mentioned above were identified through the application of various information gathering techniques (open interviews, brainstorming, mapping of actors, tree of meanings) which were carried out by the PME of the Participatory Council of Pavas and the authorities of the PANI and the Ministry of Health. Now, as part of the results obtained, it is clear that, in relation to the dynamics of the Participatory Council, it was determined that the PME contributes important ideas on activities for the community. These activities have to respond to an institutional legal framework, the National Children's Trust. This allows certain advantages for the group; however, in some areas it restricts the dynamics of the Participatory Council. In the area of limitations, it is noted that the participation of the PME can be restricted, because the members attend various groups (artistic, sports, community, religious, among others), which puts them in a position to choose the group in which they have a greater motivation, since the role they acquire is of great importance. And regarding what motivates them to participate, the type of methodology used in the sessions of the Participatory Council is highlighted, since they tend to lean towards more dynamic and interactive activities. Regarding the scope of participation, they are analyzed from four different perspectives: the Participatory Council, the daily life of the PME, in the community and in the institutionality. The PME recognized that its participation did not transcend the institutional part, and that its ideas were not taken into account within the PANI. However, the PME has a very positive opinion of the Participatory Council, since it was always promoted within an environment full of values, which allowed the members to become familiar with it easily. For this reason, initiatives such as the council are important within populations with different contexts, such as the Pavas district. Based on the findings of the research, a proposal was made to improve the relationship of the Participatory Council with its environment, as well as its impact on the underage population of Pavas. The intention of the proposal is that the strategy proposed by the PANI through the Participatory Council continues to guarantee the right of participation of the PME.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PARTICIPACIÓN JUVENIL, DERECHOS DEL NIÑO, ADOLESCENTES, ORGANIZACIONES DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL, INSTITUCIONES SOCIALES, YOUTH PARTICIPATION, CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ADOLESCENTS, SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS