Aprovechamiento del aceite de Tilapia como desecho obtenido en la producción de carne de Tilapia (Oreochromis sp) : un estudio piloto para la obtención de ácido omega-3 a partir del aceite de tilapia
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Fecha
2014-04
Autores
Moreno Espinoza, Néstor
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se analizaron nueve muestras de aceite de Tilapia generadas en la producción de harina de Tilapia a partir de los desechos de cabezas, colas, espinas, aletas, vísceras y huesos generados en el proceso de producción de carne de tilapia Oreochromis sp en la empresa Aquacorporación, ubicada en Cañas, Guanacaste. Las muestras de aceite de tilapia se metilaron y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases, con detección por ionización de llama. El aceite de tilapia usado en este estudio contiene los ácidos grasos omega-3 (ácido linolénico) y omega-6 (ácido linoleico), importantes por ser beneficiosos para la salud. Estos ácidos grasos presentes en las muestras de aceite de tilapia tienen concentraciones promedios de 0,15 g/100 g para el omega-3 mientras que para el omega-6 fue de 1,3 g/100 g.
Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que este aceite contiene también otros ácidos grasos comúnmente encontrados en muestras provenientes principalmente de los músculos e hígados de los peces. Las concentraciones promedios que se detectaron de éstos ácidos grasos fueron: palmítico (28 g/100 g), palmitoleico (9 g/100 g), estearico (0,5 g/100 g), oleico (2 g/100 g).
A las muestras de aceite se les determinó el poder calórico, el cual fue, en promedio de 10597 cal/g. La densidad promedio fue de 0,928 g/mL.
Conforme a los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, se presentan una serie de propuestas, para reutilizar el desecho obtenido del cocinado, de tal forma que para el caso de los ácidos presentes en el aceite, en especial el omega-3 y el omega-6, estos se pueden comercializar. En lo relativo al alto poder calórico, el cual es comparable con otros combustibles, se propone que el aceite de tilapia se utilice para producir biocombustibles. Y en lo que respecta a la presencia de otros ácidos grasos, diferentes al omega 3 y omega 6, se propone que estos sean comercializados, ya que estos ácidos tienen aplicaciones en la industria de los cosméticos, pinturas y barnices, emulgentes, entre otras.
Nine samples of Tilapia oil generated in the production of Tilapia meal were analyzed from the waste of heads, tails, spines, fins, viscera and bones generated in the production process of tilapia Oreochromis sp meat in the company Aquacorporación, located in Cañas, Guanacaste. Tilapia oil samples were methylated and analyzed by gas chromatography, with flame ionization detection. The tilapia oil used in this study contains omega-3 (linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) fatty acids, important for being beneficial to health. These fatty acids present in the tilapia oil samples have average concentrations of 0.15 g/100 g for omega-3 while for omega-6 it was 1.3 g/100 g. The results obtained show that this oil also contains other fatty acids commonly found in samples coming mainly from the muscles and livers of fish. The average concentrations of these fatty acids detected were: palmitic (28 g/100 g), palmitoleic (9 g/100 g), stearic (0.5 g/100 g), oleic (2 g/100 g). The caloric value of the oil samples was determined, which was, on average, 10597 cal/g. The average density was 0.928 g/mL. According to the results obtained in this study, a series of proposals are presented to reuse the waste obtained from cooking, in such a way that in the case of the acids present in the oil, especially omega-3 and omega-6 , these can be marketed. Regarding the high caloric value, which is comparable with other fuels, it is proposed that tilapia oil be used to produce biofuels. And with regard to the presence of other fatty acids, different from omega 3 and omega 6, it is proposed that these be marketed, since these acids have applications in the cosmetics, paints and varnishes, emulsifiers industries, among others.
Nine samples of Tilapia oil generated in the production of Tilapia meal were analyzed from the waste of heads, tails, spines, fins, viscera and bones generated in the production process of tilapia Oreochromis sp meat in the company Aquacorporación, located in Cañas, Guanacaste. Tilapia oil samples were methylated and analyzed by gas chromatography, with flame ionization detection. The tilapia oil used in this study contains omega-3 (linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) fatty acids, important for being beneficial to health. These fatty acids present in the tilapia oil samples have average concentrations of 0.15 g/100 g for omega-3 while for omega-6 it was 1.3 g/100 g. The results obtained show that this oil also contains other fatty acids commonly found in samples coming mainly from the muscles and livers of fish. The average concentrations of these fatty acids detected were: palmitic (28 g/100 g), palmitoleic (9 g/100 g), stearic (0.5 g/100 g), oleic (2 g/100 g). The caloric value of the oil samples was determined, which was, on average, 10597 cal/g. The average density was 0.928 g/mL. According to the results obtained in this study, a series of proposals are presented to reuse the waste obtained from cooking, in such a way that in the case of the acids present in the oil, especially omega-3 and omega-6 , these can be marketed. Regarding the high caloric value, which is comparable with other fuels, it is proposed that tilapia oil be used to produce biofuels. And with regard to the presence of other fatty acids, different from omega 3 and omega 6, it is proposed that these be marketed, since these acids have applications in the cosmetics, paints and varnishes, emulsifiers industries, among others.
Descripción
Moreno Espinoza, N. (2014). Aprovechamiento del aceite de Tilapia como desecho obtenido en la producción de carne de Tilapia (Oreochromis sp): un estudio piloto para la obtención de ácido omega-3 a partir del aceite de tilapia. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
QUIMICA, CHEMISTRY, ACEITES ANIMALES, ANIMAL OILS, TILAPIA