Impactos de la sequía en el café: integrando procesos fisiológicos y morfológicos desde la hoja hasta la escala de toda la planta
Archivos
Fecha
2019
Autores
Perez-Molina, Junior Pastor
Roupsard, Olivier
Dauzat, Jean
DaMatta, Fabio
Rodriguez, Gustavo
Marraccini, Pierre
Jourdan, Christophe
Delgado-Rojas, Juan
Andrade, Alan
Moreira, Marcelo
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El déficit hídrico tiene un impacto negativo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas a través de alteraciones morfo-fisiológicas. Esta investigación se centró en la dinámica de los rasgos ecofisiológicos y arquitectura de dosel en dos cultivares de café, RUBI-MG1192 (Rubi) y IAPAR59 (I59), sensible y tolerante a la sequía, respectivamente. Los ensayos fueron durante dos años con tres tratamientos de riego, seis muestreos y 7-10 plantas por tratamiento. I59 retuvo sus hojas durante la sequía y demostró ser más isohidríco y plástico para rasgos de funcionamiento hídrico, con un ajuste precoz a la sequía. En contraste, Rubi tuvo desprendimiento de hojas y fue más anisohídrico y plástico para rasgos tardíos a la sequía. Se concluye que la aptitud de las plantas de café sometidas a eventos climáticos depende del ajuste entre las características morfo-fisiológicas y órgano-morfológicas. Estos rasgos deberán ser considerados en los programas de mejoramiento de café.
The water deficit has a negative impact on the growth and development of plants through morpho-physiological alterations. This research focused on the dynamics of canopy architecture and ecophysiological traits in two coffee cultivars, RUBI-MG1192 (Rubi) and IAPAR59 (I59), sensitive and tolerant to drought, respectively. The trials were for two years with three irrigation treatments, six samplings and 7-10 plants per treatment. I59 retained its leaves during the drought and proved to be more isohydric and plastic for water functioning traits, demonstrating an early adjustment to drought. In contrast, Rubi had leaf shedding and was more anisohydric and plastic for traits of late reactions to drought. It is concluded that the fitness of coffee plants subjected to climatic events depends on the adjustment between morpho-physiological and organo-morphological characteristics. These features should be considered in coffee breeding programs.
The water deficit has a negative impact on the growth and development of plants through morpho-physiological alterations. This research focused on the dynamics of canopy architecture and ecophysiological traits in two coffee cultivars, RUBI-MG1192 (Rubi) and IAPAR59 (I59), sensitive and tolerant to drought, respectively. The trials were for two years with three irrigation treatments, six samplings and 7-10 plants per treatment. I59 retained its leaves during the drought and proved to be more isohydric and plastic for water functioning traits, demonstrating an early adjustment to drought. In contrast, Rubi had leaf shedding and was more anisohydric and plastic for traits of late reactions to drought. It is concluded that the fitness of coffee plants subjected to climatic events depends on the adjustment between morpho-physiological and organo-morphological characteristics. These features should be considered in coffee breeding programs.
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Palabras clave
FLUJO-DE-SAVIA, CONDUCTANCIA HIDRÁULICA, ANISOHÍDRICO, WATER POTENTIAL, CANOPY ARCHITECTURE, CULTIVO, CAFE, CLIMA