Propuesta de un manual en educación de la sexualidad dirigido a un grupo de mujeres adultas con discapacidad intelectual
Fecha
2012-04
Autores
Jiménez Brenes, Johanna
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El propósito fundamental de esta investigación fue proponer un manual en educación de la sexualidad dirigido a un grupo de mujeres adultas con discapacidad intelectual. Por lo tanto, el objetivo general de este estudio fue elaborar una propuesta de un manual en educación de la sexualidad dirigido a mujeres adultas con discapacidad intelectual, con el fin de brindar a los y las profesionales una propuesta teórica y metodológica que contribuya al mejoramiento de la sexualidad de esta población. El estudio realizado se orientó hacia el aprendizaje y la creación de zonas de desarrollo próximo en cuanto al tema de sexualidad, desde la teoría sociocultural de Vigostky. Dicho estudio, fue de carácter cualitativo. Las técnicas utilizadas para el estudio fueron: la observación, la toma de notas por parte de la investigadora y técnicas de metodología participativa que permitieron a las participantes producir material para posterior análisis. El manual que se utilizó consta de 8 sesiones, cada una contiene elementos teóricos básicos sobre los contenidos a tratar en la misma y las indicaciones específicas para el desarrollo de cada sesión. Cada una de las sesiones se estructuró bajo ejes temáticos predefinidos. La población con la que se realizó la validación del manual fue un grupo de 10 mujeres adultas con discapacidad intelectual, miembros activos en la Asociación Pro Niño, Adolescente y Adulto Excepcional en la comunidad de San Pablo de Heredia. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo de la siguiente manera: primero se sistematizaron las observaciones de las sesiones y las anotaciones hechas por la investigadora. Segundo, se realizó el análisis del material producido por las participantes en cada una de las sesiones, partiendo de las siguientes categorías de análisis: aprendizaje, zona de desarrollo próximo, mediación, lenguaje y género. Los aportes más relevantes de esta investigación son los siguientes: -Las mujeres con discapacidad intelectual no pueden ser etiquetadas, por el contrario son seres humanos con mucho potencial y posibilidades, y es fundamental que cuenten con el apoyo de una sociedad, que las guíe a aprender, ofreciéndoles los métodos y los apoyos necesarios requeridos. -El manual propuesto se acentuó en métodos de enseñanza basados en el concepto de zona de desarrollo próximo, permitiendo un espacio reflexivo que promoviera valores y conocimientos sobre el tema de sexualidad. -La población de estudio construyó conocimientos en sexualidad a través de un diálogo continuo entre compañeras y la facilitadora. En este sentido, las participantes pensaron, comunicaron lo que pensaron, confrontaron lo que pensaban y de ahí construyeron conocimientos en relación a la temática de la sexualidad. -La técnica tipo taller, fue un instrumento adecuado para facilitar el proceso de construcción conjunta de conocimientos, promoviendo zonas de desarrollo próximo (ZDP) a partir de las vivencias y experiencias de las participantes. -Los ejes temáticos propuestos lograron evidenciar la necesidad que tenían las participantes de educarse en el tema de sexualidad.
The fundamental purpose of this research was to propose a sexuality education manual for a group of adult women with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to develop a proposal for a sexuality education manual for adult women with intellectual disabilities, in order to provide professionals with a theoretical and methodological approach that would contribute to improving the sexuality of this population. The study was oriented toward learning and the creation of zones of proximal development regarding the topic of sexuality, based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. This study was qualitative. The techniques used for the study were observation, note-taking by the researcher, and participatory methodology techniques that allowed participants to produce material for subsequent analysis. The manual used consists of eight sessions, each containing basic theoretical elements on the content to be covered and specific instructions for the development of each session. Each session was structured according to predefined thematic axes. The population for the manual's validation was a group of 10 adult women with intellectual disabilities, active members of the Association for Exceptional Children, Adolescents, and Adults in the community of San Pablo de Heredia. Data analysis was carried out as follows: first, session observations and notes made by the researcher were systematized. Second, the material produced by the participants in each session was analyzed, based on the following analytical categories: learning, zone of proximal development, mediation, language, and gender. The most relevant contributions of this research are the following: -Women with intellectual disabilities cannot be labeled; on the contrary, they are human beings with great potential and possibilities, and it is essential that they have the support of a society that guides them in learning, offering them the necessary methods and support. -The proposed manual emphasized teaching methods based on the concept of the zone of proximal development, allowing for a reflective space that promotes values and knowledge on the topic of sexuality. The study population developed knowledge about sexuality through ongoing dialogue between peers and the facilitator. In this sense, participants reflected, communicated their thoughts, and discussed their thoughts, thereby building knowledge related to the topic of sexuality. The workshop-style approach was an appropriate tool to facilitate the process of joint knowledge construction, promoting zones of proximal development (ZPD) based on the participants' experiences. The proposed thematic axes demonstrated the participants' need for education on the topic of sexuality.
The fundamental purpose of this research was to propose a sexuality education manual for a group of adult women with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to develop a proposal for a sexuality education manual for adult women with intellectual disabilities, in order to provide professionals with a theoretical and methodological approach that would contribute to improving the sexuality of this population. The study was oriented toward learning and the creation of zones of proximal development regarding the topic of sexuality, based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. This study was qualitative. The techniques used for the study were observation, note-taking by the researcher, and participatory methodology techniques that allowed participants to produce material for subsequent analysis. The manual used consists of eight sessions, each containing basic theoretical elements on the content to be covered and specific instructions for the development of each session. Each session was structured according to predefined thematic axes. The population for the manual's validation was a group of 10 adult women with intellectual disabilities, active members of the Association for Exceptional Children, Adolescents, and Adults in the community of San Pablo de Heredia. Data analysis was carried out as follows: first, session observations and notes made by the researcher were systematized. Second, the material produced by the participants in each session was analyzed, based on the following analytical categories: learning, zone of proximal development, mediation, language, and gender. The most relevant contributions of this research are the following: -Women with intellectual disabilities cannot be labeled; on the contrary, they are human beings with great potential and possibilities, and it is essential that they have the support of a society that guides them in learning, offering them the necessary methods and support. -The proposed manual emphasized teaching methods based on the concept of the zone of proximal development, allowing for a reflective space that promotes values and knowledge on the topic of sexuality. The study population developed knowledge about sexuality through ongoing dialogue between peers and the facilitator. In this sense, participants reflected, communicated their thoughts, and discussed their thoughts, thereby building knowledge related to the topic of sexuality. The workshop-style approach was an appropriate tool to facilitate the process of joint knowledge construction, promoting zones of proximal development (ZPD) based on the participants' experiences. The proposed thematic axes demonstrated the participants' need for education on the topic of sexuality.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL, MUJERES, SEXUALIDAD, PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDADES, DESARROLLO SOCIAL, WOMEN, SEXUAL EDUCATION, SEXUALITY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
