Propuesta para asegurar la sostenibilidad en el largo plazo del Régimen Obligatorio de Pensión Complementaria para BCR Pensiones en un contexto de déficit fiscal
Fecha
2023-05
Autores
Hernández Charpentier, Ricardo
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Asegurar una adecuada calidad de vida para las personas en su vejez es
fundamental para concebir una sociedad que considere la protección social como
un elemento importante en la búsqueda del desarrollo. Al valorar esta premisa, el
tema de las pensiones aumenta en relevancia en los últimos años, debido a una
creciente preocupación por el agotamiento de sus recursos a futuro.
Al surgir dudas en cuanto a la sostenibilidad del régimen de reparto para los
próximos años, las pensiones de capitalización individual vienen a complementar
este ingreso en la etapa de retiro, buscando mejorar las tasas de remplazo para que
los afiliados tengan una adecuada pensión que ayude a cubrir sus necesidades en
la vejez. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores en la economía de carácter
coyuntural y estructural que generan volatilidad en los rendimientos de estos fondos,
como el caso del Régimen Obligatorio de Pensión Complementaria (ROPC).
El déficit fiscal de años recientes influye de manera indirecta en la cotización de los
títulos emitidos por el Gobierno, al valorarse a precios de mercado en un contexto
de necesidad de captación de recursos por parte de este emisor. Considerando lo
anterior, el aumento en la tasa de interés genera una afectación en la duración
modificada de los títulos valores, con una actualización de manera diaria en el precio
del vector, registrando minusvalías que se materializarían en pérdidas al momento
de su venta y vencimiento.
Al identificar la poca profundidad del mercado de valores del país, los portafolios de
inversiones en general presentan una importante concentración en el emisor
Gobierno, percibiéndose un riesgo en cuanto al comportamiento de variables en la
economía que afecten el precio de estos títulos valores. Lo anterior, afectaría los
ingresos de las personas en su vejez, con variaciones en el valor de sus cuotas en
el fondo y en las tasas de remplazo, comprometiendo su nivel de ingreso para influir
en una mejor calidad de vida.
Es importante reflejar la importancia de considerar los aspectos de riesgo para
buscar una adecuada gestión del portafolio, por medio de propuestas en cuanto a
diversificar los portafolios de inversiones, con el objetivo de mitigar los riesgos
asociados por variaciones en la valoración de los precios.
Entonces, la presente investigación busca describir el comportamiento de estas
variables y explicar la manera en que se relacionan entre sí. Para ello, se necesita
conocer la estructura de las pensiones, los principios de inversiones y el proceso de
valoración de los títulos valores, en contexto con el déficit fiscal, con el propósito de
brindar recomendaciones enfocadas en disminuir el riesgo en el largo plazo de los
recursos del ROPC.
Ensuring an adequate quality of life for people in their old age is essential to conceive a society that considers social protection as an important element in the search for development. In assessing this premise, the The issue of pensions has increased in relevance in recent years, due to a growing concern about the depletion of its resources in the future. When doubts arose as to the sustainability of the pay-as-you-go scheme for coming years, individually funded pensions will complement this income in the retirement stage, seeking to improve replacement rates so that affiliates have an adequate pension that helps cover their needs in old age. However, there are certain factors in the economy of character short-term and structural that generate volatility in the yields of these funds, as in the case of the Compulsory Complementary Pension Regime (ROPC). The fiscal deficit of recent years has an indirect influence on the price of securities issued by the Government, when valued at market prices in a context of the need to raise resources by this issuer. considering the above, the increase in the interest rate affects the duration modified securities, with a daily update in the price of the vector, registering losses that would materialize in losses at the moment of its sale and expiration. By identifying the shallowness of the country's stock market, portfolios of investments in general have a significant concentration in the issuer Government, perceiving a risk in terms of the behavior of variables in the economy that affect the price of these securities. The above would affect the income of people in their old age, with variations in the value of their shares in fund and replacement rates, compromising their income level to influence in a better quality of life. It is important to reflect the importance of considering risk aspects for seek an adequate management of the portfolio, through proposals regarding diversify investment portfolios, with the aim of mitigating risks associated with variations in the valuation of prices. So, the present investigation seeks to describe the behavior of these variables and explain how they are related to each other. For this, you need know the structure of pensions, investment principles and the process of valuation of securities, in context with the fiscal deficit, with the purpose of provide recommendations focused on reducing the risk in the long term of the ROPC resources.
Ensuring an adequate quality of life for people in their old age is essential to conceive a society that considers social protection as an important element in the search for development. In assessing this premise, the The issue of pensions has increased in relevance in recent years, due to a growing concern about the depletion of its resources in the future. When doubts arose as to the sustainability of the pay-as-you-go scheme for coming years, individually funded pensions will complement this income in the retirement stage, seeking to improve replacement rates so that affiliates have an adequate pension that helps cover their needs in old age. However, there are certain factors in the economy of character short-term and structural that generate volatility in the yields of these funds, as in the case of the Compulsory Complementary Pension Regime (ROPC). The fiscal deficit of recent years has an indirect influence on the price of securities issued by the Government, when valued at market prices in a context of the need to raise resources by this issuer. considering the above, the increase in the interest rate affects the duration modified securities, with a daily update in the price of the vector, registering losses that would materialize in losses at the moment of its sale and expiration. By identifying the shallowness of the country's stock market, portfolios of investments in general have a significant concentration in the issuer Government, perceiving a risk in terms of the behavior of variables in the economy that affect the price of these securities. The above would affect the income of people in their old age, with variations in the value of their shares in fund and replacement rates, compromising their income level to influence in a better quality of life. It is important to reflect the importance of considering risk aspects for seek an adequate management of the portfolio, through proposals regarding diversify investment portfolios, with the aim of mitigating risks associated with variations in the valuation of prices. So, the present investigation seeks to describe the behavior of these variables and explain how they are related to each other. For this, you need know the structure of pensions, investment principles and the process of valuation of securities, in context with the fiscal deficit, with the purpose of provide recommendations focused on reducing the risk in the long term of the ROPC resources.
Descripción
Palabras clave
TASA DE INTERÉS, INTEREST RATE, RENTABILIDAD, COST EFFECTIVENESS, DÉFICIT, DEFICIT, PENSIONES DE JUBILACIÓN, RETIREMENT PENSIONS, HACIENDA PÚBLICA, PUBLIC ESTATE