Manejo de la densidad en Guadua angustifolia Kunth en las plantaciones del proyecto hidroeléctrico Arenal, Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Autores
Cañas Landaverde, Raquel Abigail
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Actualmente en la literatura existe poca información concluyente sobre el manejo de la densidad de plantaciones adultas de bambú y, más aún, sin manejo silvicultural. En el presente estudio se realizó un ensayo en las plantaciones de Guadua angustifolia ubicadas en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Represa Hidroeléctrica Arenal, propiedad del Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE), establecidas en 1989. Con el objetivo de generar lineamientos para el manejo de la densidad en plantaciones de Guadua angustifolia, a partir de la aplicación de tres intensidades de raleo 30%, 40% y 50% en cañas en estado de desarrollos maduras. El ensayo consistió en la instalación de cinco bloques completos al azar cada uno contenía parcelas de 64 m2, en estos se realizaron limpieza de saneamiento para posteriormente aplicar la intensidad de raleo (30%, 40 %, 50 % o 0 %) asignada según el área basal, se recolectaron datos de estado de desarrollo, DAP y cantidad de brotes. Se obtuvo que los porcentajes 30 % y 0 % obtuvieron mayor cantidad de rebrotes; en los tratamientos de 30% y 50% se aumentó el nivel de productividad en el área basal para los individuos de interés comercial, además se identificaron patógenos que afectan la calidad de las cañas. Como conclusiones, la alta densidad (mayor a 30 m2 /ha-1) promueve la propagación y afectación de diversos patógenos, además implica problemas en calidad de las cañas, disminución de rebrotes establecidos comprometiendo las futuras cosechas, aunque todas las intensidades de raleo presentaron mejoras en relación con su condición inicial, la intensidad de 40% fue el que presento mejores resultados para el estudio de caso.
Currently, there is little conclusive information in the literature on the management of the density of adult bamboo plantations and, even more so, without silvicultural management. In the present study, a trial was conducted in Guadua angustifolia plantations located in the buffer zone of the Arenal Hydroelectric Dam, property of the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE), established in 1989. The objective was to generate guidelines for density management in Guadua angustifolia plantations, based on the application of three thinning intensities of 30%, 40% and 50% in mature canes. The trial consisted of the installation of five randomized complete blocks, each containing plots of 64 m2, in which sanitation cleaning was carried out to subsequently apply the intensity of thinning (30%, 40%, 50% or 0%) assigned according to the basal area, data were collected on the stage of development, DBH and number of shoots. It was found that the 30% and 0% percentages obtained a greater number of shoots; in the 30% and 50% treatments, the level of productivity increased in the basal area for individuals of commercial interest, and pathogens that affect the quality of the canes were identified. As conclusions, the high density (greater than 30 m2 /ha-1) promotes the propagation and affectation of several pathogens, also implies problems in the quality of the canes, decrease of established shoots compromising future harvests, although all the thinning intensities presented improvements in relation to their initial condition, the 40% intensity was the one that presented better results for the case study.
Currently, there is little conclusive information in the literature on the management of the density of adult bamboo plantations and, even more so, without silvicultural management. In the present study, a trial was conducted in Guadua angustifolia plantations located in the buffer zone of the Arenal Hydroelectric Dam, property of the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE), established in 1989. The objective was to generate guidelines for density management in Guadua angustifolia plantations, based on the application of three thinning intensities of 30%, 40% and 50% in mature canes. The trial consisted of the installation of five randomized complete blocks, each containing plots of 64 m2, in which sanitation cleaning was carried out to subsequently apply the intensity of thinning (30%, 40%, 50% or 0%) assigned according to the basal area, data were collected on the stage of development, DBH and number of shoots. It was found that the 30% and 0% percentages obtained a greater number of shoots; in the 30% and 50% treatments, the level of productivity increased in the basal area for individuals of commercial interest, and pathogens that affect the quality of the canes were identified. As conclusions, the high density (greater than 30 m2 /ha-1) promotes the propagation and affectation of several pathogens, also implies problems in the quality of the canes, decrease of established shoots compromising future harvests, although all the thinning intensities presented improvements in relation to their initial condition, the 40% intensity was the one that presented better results for the case study.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales con énfasis en Manejo Forestal y con modalidad: artículo científico.
Palabras clave
PLANTACIÓN FORESTAL, FOREST PLANTATION, BAMBÚ, BAMBOO, MANEJO FORESTAL, FOREST MANAGEMENT, SILVICULTURA, FORESTRY, COSTA RICA