Guía de manejo de forrajes
Fecha
2024-12
Autores
Arias Gamboa, Luis Mauricio
Alpízar Naranjo, Andrés
Castillo Umaña, Miguel
Padilla Fallas, José Enrique
Tobia Rivero, Carlos
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta guía presenta estrategias para optimizar la alimentación del ganado bovino mediante el uso eficiente de pasturas y cultivos forrajeros, con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad, reducir los costos de alimentación y promover sistemas de producción sostenibles. El documento explica que la baja calidad nutricional de los forrajes y su escasez durante la época seca afectan el rendimiento animal, incrementando la dependencia de alimentos concentrados. Como alternativa, se propone el pastoreo racional, basado en el adecuado descanso de las pasturas, períodos cortos de ocupación de los potreros y la división del hato según sus requerimientos nutricionales. Además, se destacan prácticas sostenibles como el establecimiento de cercas vivas, árboles dispersos y sistemas silvopastoriles, que favorecen la biodiversidad, el bienestar animal, la conservación del suelo y el aprovechamiento eficiente de los recursos naturales. También describe el establecimiento y manejo agronómico de diversos cultivos forrajeros utilizados para corte, acarreo y elaboración de ensilajes, entre ellos maíz, sorgo, soya, pasto King Grass, morera, botón de oro y nacedero. Para cada especie se presentan recomendaciones sobre siembra, fertilización, cosecha y valor nutricional, destacando su capacidad para producir biomasa y aportar energía o proteína a la dieta de los rumiantes.
This guide presents strategies for optimizing cattle feeding through the efficient use of pastures and forage crops, with the goal of improving productivity, reducing feed costs, and promoting sustainable production systems. The document explains that the low nutritional quality of forages and their scarcity during the dry season affect animal performance, increasing dependence on concentrated feeds. As an alternative, the document proposes rational grazing, based on adequate pasture rest periods, short periods of pasture occupancy, and the division of the herd according to its nutritional requirements. In addition, it highlights sustainable practices such as the establishment of living fences, scattered trees, and silvopastoral systems, which promote biodiversity, animal welfare, soil conservation, and the efficient use of natural resources. The guide also describes the establishment and agronomic management of various forage crops used for cutting, hauling, and silage production, including corn, sorghum, soybeans, King Grass, mulberry, buttercup, and nacedero. For each species, recommendations are provided on planting, fertilization, harvesting, and nutritional value, highlighting their capacity to produce biomass and contribute energy or protein to the diet of ruminants.
This guide presents strategies for optimizing cattle feeding through the efficient use of pastures and forage crops, with the goal of improving productivity, reducing feed costs, and promoting sustainable production systems. The document explains that the low nutritional quality of forages and their scarcity during the dry season affect animal performance, increasing dependence on concentrated feeds. As an alternative, the document proposes rational grazing, based on adequate pasture rest periods, short periods of pasture occupancy, and the division of the herd according to its nutritional requirements. In addition, it highlights sustainable practices such as the establishment of living fences, scattered trees, and silvopastoral systems, which promote biodiversity, animal welfare, soil conservation, and the efficient use of natural resources. The guide also describes the establishment and agronomic management of various forage crops used for cutting, hauling, and silage production, including corn, sorghum, soybeans, King Grass, mulberry, buttercup, and nacedero. For each species, recommendations are provided on planting, fertilization, harvesting, and nutritional value, highlighting their capacity to produce biomass and contribute energy or protein to the diet of ruminants.
Descripción
Este documento forma parte del Programa de Producción Sustentable de Leche Bovina en Finca Santa Lucía de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA). Código SIA 0532-17.
Palabras clave
PASTOREO, GRAZING, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, ANIMAL NUTRITION, CERCAS VIVAS, LIVING FENCES, LEGUMINOSAS, LEGUMES, ENSILAJE, SILAGE
