Respuestas morfogenéticas de plantas in vitro y esquejes de Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae) durante el desarrollo inicial del cultivo en invernadero y en sistemas agroforestales
Fecha
2018-12
Autores
Azofeifa-Bolaños, José Bernal
Rivera-Coto, German
Paniagua-Vásquez, Amelia
Cordero Solórzano, Roberto A.
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Editor
Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El conocimiento de las respuestas morfogenéticas de
Vanilla planifolia en Costa Rica es muy limitado. En esta investigación
comparamos las respuestas morfogenéticas de esquejes convencionales
y plántulas in vitro en invernadero y en un sistema agroforestal. Cada
tipo de explante se cultivó en ambas condiciones de cultivo y la combinación
de los niveles de cada factor resultó en cuatro tratamientos. Las
respuestas de crecimiento independientes de los esquejes fueron significativamente
mayores para la longitud, peso total y del brote emergente,
longitud total, promedio y peso de las raíces en comparación
con las plántulas in vitro. Para este factor, se obtuvo de manera significativa
más nudos cuando se usaron plántulas provenientes del cultivo
in vitro. Los explantes cultivados en campo obtuvieron diferencias
significativamente superiores para la longitud, peso total y del brote
emergente, peso y número de raíces en relación con los cultivados en
vivero. Sin embargo, la longitud total y promedio de las raíces no difirió
de manera significativa entre los tratamientos independientes del factor
condición. Se obtuvieron interacciones significativas entre los factores
para todas las variables con excepción del peso total y del brote
emergente. Después de un periodo de aclimatización en invernadero,
las vitroplantas cultivadas en el sistema agroforestal fueron significativamente
más largas, con más nudos y raíces en comparación con los
esquejes cultivados en ambas condiciones, así como, las vitroplantas
cultivadas en invernadero. Se obtuvieron raíces más largas y pesadas
cuando los esquejes se cultivaron en invernadero, lo cual sugiere un
crecimiento más intenso en la búsqueda de agua y nutrientes.
There is little knowledge in Costa Rica about morphogenetic responses of Vanilla planifolia. Here we compare cutting and micro-cutting for morphogenetic response in nursery and agroforestry. Each plant type was grown in both conditions and the combination with factor levels resulted in four treatments. The independent growth responses of the cuttings were significantly higher for the length, total weight and emergent shoot, total and average length and weight of the roots compared to that in micro-cuttings. For this factor, a significant increase of nodes was achieved when micro-cuttings were used. The length, total weight and emergent shoot, weight and number of roots of the explants grown in the field were significantly greater compared to that in nursery. Total and average length of the roots did not significantly differ between independent treatments of condition factor. Significant interaction between factors were obtained for all variables except for the total weight and the emergent shoot. After a period of nursery acclimatization, the agroforestry vitroplants were significantly higher for the length of the shoot, number of nodes and number of roots in relation to the cuttings grown in both conditions, as well as the vitroplants grown in nursery. Longer and heavier roots were obtained when cuttings were grown at the nursery, suggesting a more intense growth in the search for water and nutrients.
There is little knowledge in Costa Rica about morphogenetic responses of Vanilla planifolia. Here we compare cutting and micro-cutting for morphogenetic response in nursery and agroforestry. Each plant type was grown in both conditions and the combination with factor levels resulted in four treatments. The independent growth responses of the cuttings were significantly higher for the length, total weight and emergent shoot, total and average length and weight of the roots compared to that in micro-cuttings. For this factor, a significant increase of nodes was achieved when micro-cuttings were used. The length, total weight and emergent shoot, weight and number of roots of the explants grown in the field were significantly greater compared to that in nursery. Total and average length of the roots did not significantly differ between independent treatments of condition factor. Significant interaction between factors were obtained for all variables except for the total weight and the emergent shoot. After a period of nursery acclimatization, the agroforestry vitroplants were significantly higher for the length of the shoot, number of nodes and number of roots in relation to the cuttings grown in both conditions, as well as the vitroplants grown in nursery. Longer and heavier roots were obtained when cuttings were grown at the nursery, suggesting a more intense growth in the search for water and nutrients.
Descripción
Palabras clave
VAINILLA, PARIENTES SILVESTRES, DOMESTICACIÓN, WILD TYPE RELATIVES, DOMESTICATION, COSTA RICA