Evaluación del nivel de riesgo de accidente químico en los laboratorios que utilizan sustancias químicas en el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Fecha
2020
Autores
Esquivel Garita, Jonathan
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) dispone de 49 laboratorios que almacenan y manipulan productos químicos de cantidad y naturaleza muy variable. La evaluación realizada entre enero y mayo del 2017, se basó en el principio de la generación y el cumplimiento de medidas preventivas para reducir la posibilidad de generación de un accidente químico en los sitios de trabajo bajo un método simplificado y semicuantitativo. Para este proyecto, metodológicamente se inició por la identificación de las condiciones de seguridad de los laboratorios, la cual a su vez dependió del desarrollo del Instrumento
Final de Evaluación (IFE), así como la validación y la aplicación del mismo, posteriormente se definió el nivel de riesgo de accidente químico por la Nota Técnica de Prevención 330 del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad de Higiene en el Trabajo de España para finalmente, generar las propuestas de mejora a los diez principales factores de riesgo. Entre ellos la no existencia de: armarios de seguridad para el almacenamiento de materiales oxidantes, mantenimiento preventivo de la instalación eléctrica, acercamiento con las entidades de ayuda en caso de una eventualidad, planes de salud ocupacional, de emergecias y protocolos en caso de fugas, identificación de los riesgos a agentes biológicos por parte de la regencia microbiológica, fichas de datos de seguridad en idioma español e impresas para cada reactivo adquirido y disponibles para la consulta del personal, establecimiento de procedimientos para la ejecución segura de operaciones y existencia de brigada (emergencia, evacuación, mixta, etc.) en el laboratorio. De los 49 laboratorios evaluados el veintidós por ciento de éstos obtuvo un nivel de riesgo entre 600 y 4000, y el setenta y ocho por ciento restante obtuvo nivel de riesgo entre 150 y 500. Se evidencia que la Regencia Química Institucional es insuficiente para cubrir la SedenRegional de San Carlos y el Centro Académico de Limón. Además, las áreas de Seguridad Laboral y de Formación e Información fueron las que presentaron más falencias en todos los laboratorios evaluados. Se establecen propuestas de intervención para los diez factores con mayor riesgo.
The Technological Institute of Costa Rica (ITCR) has 49 laboratories that store and handle chemical products of highly variable quantity and nature. The evaluation carried out between January and May 2017, was based on the principle of generation and compliance with preventive measures to reduce the possibility of generating a chemical accident at work sites under a simplified and semi-quantitative method. For this project, methodologically it began with the identification of the safety conditions of the laboratories, which in turn depended on the development of the Final Assessment Instrument (IFE), as well as its validation and application, subsequently the level of risk of chemical accident by the Technical Note of Prevention 330 of the National Institute of Safety of Hygiene in the Work of Spain to finally, to generate the proposals of improvement to the ten main risk factors. Among them the non-existence of: safety cabinets for the storage of oxidizing materials, preventive maintenance of the electrical installation, approach with the aid entities in case of an eventuality, occupational health plans, emergencies and protocols in case of leaks, identification of risks to biological agents by the microbiological regency, safety data sheets in Spanish language and printed for each reagent purchased and available for staff consultation, establishment of procedures for the safe execution of operations and existence of brigade ( emergency, evacuation, mixed, etc.) in the laboratory. Of the 49 laboratories evaluated, twenty-two percent of these obtained a risk level between 600 and 4000, and the remaining seventy-eight percent obtained a risk level between 150 and 500. It is evident that the Institutional Chemical Regency is insufficient to cover the Regional Headquarters of San Carlos and the Academic Center of Limón. In addition, the areas of Occupational Safety and Training and Information were the ones that presented the most shortcomings in all the laboratories evaluated. Intervention proposals are established for the ten factors with the highest risk.
The Technological Institute of Costa Rica (ITCR) has 49 laboratories that store and handle chemical products of highly variable quantity and nature. The evaluation carried out between January and May 2017, was based on the principle of generation and compliance with preventive measures to reduce the possibility of generating a chemical accident at work sites under a simplified and semi-quantitative method. For this project, methodologically it began with the identification of the safety conditions of the laboratories, which in turn depended on the development of the Final Assessment Instrument (IFE), as well as its validation and application, subsequently the level of risk of chemical accident by the Technical Note of Prevention 330 of the National Institute of Safety of Hygiene in the Work of Spain to finally, to generate the proposals of improvement to the ten main risk factors. Among them the non-existence of: safety cabinets for the storage of oxidizing materials, preventive maintenance of the electrical installation, approach with the aid entities in case of an eventuality, occupational health plans, emergencies and protocols in case of leaks, identification of risks to biological agents by the microbiological regency, safety data sheets in Spanish language and printed for each reagent purchased and available for staff consultation, establishment of procedures for the safe execution of operations and existence of brigade ( emergency, evacuation, mixed, etc.) in the laboratory. Of the 49 laboratories evaluated, twenty-two percent of these obtained a risk level between 600 and 4000, and the remaining seventy-eight percent obtained a risk level between 150 and 500. It is evident that the Institutional Chemical Regency is insufficient to cover the Regional Headquarters of San Carlos and the Academic Center of Limón. In addition, the areas of Occupational Safety and Training and Information were the ones that presented the most shortcomings in all the laboratories evaluated. Intervention proposals are established for the ten factors with the highest risk.
Descripción
Esquivel Garita, J. (2021). Evaluación del nivel de riesgo de accidente químico en los laboratorios que utilizan sustancias químicas en el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS, SALUD OCUPACIONAL, RIESGOS PARA LA SALUD, CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, HEALTH RISKS