Aislamiento e identificación molecular de la secuencia parcial del transcripto codificante del péptido especifico insulina en la glándula androgénica de camarones marino del género Litopenaeus en Costa Rica
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Fecha
2015
Autores
Sancho Blanco, Carolina
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La glándula androgénica, órgano exclusivo de los crustáceos, es la encargada de controlar la diferenciación de las características sexuales primarias y secundarias en los machos. La glándula androgénica produce una hormona clave en este proceso de diferenciación sexual, la cual corresponde específicamente a un péptido de tipo insulina
(IAGH). El aislamiento y la caracterización molecular del péptido tipo insulina de la glándula androgénica han sido realizados en diferentes especies de crustáceos. El dimorfismo sexual, es una de las principales limitantes biológicas que presenta el cultivo del camarón; en las especies del género Litopenaeus por ejemplo, los machos presentan un crecimiento menor que las hembras, por lo que el planteamiento de cultivo monosexual podría resultar una importante alternativa para mejorar la producción. Uno de los grandes logros alcanzados en la industria del cultivo monosexual reside en la implementación de la técnica de silenciamiento génico, la cual consiste en inhibir el producto de expresión de ciertos genes mediante ARNi, para esto, se requiere la identificación molecular de los transcriptos que se desean inhibir, su aislamiento, secuenciación y caracterización; así como la optimización de los procesos involucrados. En el presente estudio, se analizaron diferentes estrategias metodológicas para los procesos de extracción de ARN con el fin de evaluar su efectividad para la obtención de ARNm de la IAG. La mayor cantidad de ARN se obtuvo con la técnica de SDS/Ac.P, mientras que las muestras más puras se alcanzaron con un kit comercial (PureLink) Se logró obtener secuencias parciales del transcripto codificante del péptido tipo insulina de la glándula androgénica (IAG) en L. vannamei, L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris. A nivel nucleotídico se obtuvo que la secuencia de L. vannamei presentaba un 93% de identidad con una secuencia parcial ya reportada (KM066114), un 85% con F. chinensis (JG388277), mientras que L. occidentalis fue, en un 89% idéntica con F. chinensis (JQ388277), y en el caso de L. stylirostris el porcentaje de similitud fue de un 75% de identidad con P. monodon (GU208677).La traducción in silico a proteína de la secuencia nucleotídica arrojó que L. vannamei posee un tamaño de 152aa y con un 78% de idéntidad a una secuencia reportada de F. chinensis (AFU60547), mientras que L. occidentalis fue en un 58% idéntica a P. monodon (ADA67878) y presentó un tamaño de 152aa. Por último, L. stylirostris presentó un tamaño de 169aa y un porcentaje de identidad con P. monodon de un 43% (ADA67878).La IAG se encontró en la glándula androgénica (sitio de la traducción) y en el ducto espermático indicando una posible movilización de la proteína por el aparato reproductor. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que el proceso de diferenciación sexual está relacionado con una secuencia codificante para un péptido de tipo insulina en camarones marinos, lo que constituye importantes bases para la aplicación del silenciamiento génico en camarones del género Litopenaeus y otros crustáceos mediante la tecnología del ARN de interferencia (ARNi), y sus posibles usos en el mejoramiento y manejo de estos recursos marinos.
The androgenic gland, an organ exclusive to crustaceans, is in charge of controlling the differentiation of primary and secondary sexual characteristics in males. The androgen gland produces a key hormone in this process of sexual differentiation, which specifically corresponds to an insulin-like peptide. (IAGH). The isolation and molecular characterization of the insulin-like peptide from the androgen gland have been carried out in different species of crustaceans. Sexual dimorphism is one of the main biological limitations of shrimp farming; In the species of the genus Litopenaeus, for example, males have lower growth than females, so the monosexual culture approach could be an important alternative to improve production. One of the great achievements in the monosexual cultivation industry resides in the implementation of the gene silencing technique, which consists of inhibiting the expression product of certain genes through RNAi, for this, the molecular identification of the transcripts that they want to inhibit, their isolation, sequencing and characterization; as well as the optimization of the processes involved. In the present study, different methodological strategies for RNA extraction processes were analyzed in order to evaluate their effectiveness for obtaining IAG mRNA. The greatest amount of RNA was obtained with the SDS/Ac.P technique, while the purest samples were obtained with a commercial kit (PureLink). Partial sequences of the coding transcript of the insulin-like peptide of the androgenic gland (IAG) were obtained. ) in L. vannamei, L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris. At the nucleotide level, it was found that the sequence of L. vannamei presented 93% identity with a partial sequence already reported (KM066114), 85% with F. chinensis (JG388277), while L. occidentalis was 89% identical. identical with F. chinensis (JQ388277), and in the case of L. stylirostris the similarity percentage was 75% identical with P. monodon (GU208677). In silico protein translation of the nucleotide sequence showed L. vannamei to be 152aa in size and 78% identical to a reported sequence from F. chinensis (AFU60547), while L. occidentalis was 58% identical. to P. monodon (ADA67878) and presented a size of 152aa. Finally, L. stylirostris had a size of 169aa and a percentage of identity with P. monodon of 43% (ADA67878). The IAG was found in the androgenic gland (translation site) and in the spermatic duct, indicating a possible movement of protein by the reproductive system. These results show that the process of sexual differentiation is related to a coding sequence for an insulin-like peptide in marine shrimps, which constitutes important bases for the application of gene silencing in shrimps of the genus Litopenaeus and other crustaceans through the technology of RNA interference (RNAi), and its possible uses in the improvement and management of these marine resources.
The androgenic gland, an organ exclusive to crustaceans, is in charge of controlling the differentiation of primary and secondary sexual characteristics in males. The androgen gland produces a key hormone in this process of sexual differentiation, which specifically corresponds to an insulin-like peptide. (IAGH). The isolation and molecular characterization of the insulin-like peptide from the androgen gland have been carried out in different species of crustaceans. Sexual dimorphism is one of the main biological limitations of shrimp farming; In the species of the genus Litopenaeus, for example, males have lower growth than females, so the monosexual culture approach could be an important alternative to improve production. One of the great achievements in the monosexual cultivation industry resides in the implementation of the gene silencing technique, which consists of inhibiting the expression product of certain genes through RNAi, for this, the molecular identification of the transcripts that they want to inhibit, their isolation, sequencing and characterization; as well as the optimization of the processes involved. In the present study, different methodological strategies for RNA extraction processes were analyzed in order to evaluate their effectiveness for obtaining IAG mRNA. The greatest amount of RNA was obtained with the SDS/Ac.P technique, while the purest samples were obtained with a commercial kit (PureLink). Partial sequences of the coding transcript of the insulin-like peptide of the androgenic gland (IAG) were obtained. ) in L. vannamei, L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris. At the nucleotide level, it was found that the sequence of L. vannamei presented 93% identity with a partial sequence already reported (KM066114), 85% with F. chinensis (JG388277), while L. occidentalis was 89% identical. identical with F. chinensis (JQ388277), and in the case of L. stylirostris the similarity percentage was 75% identical with P. monodon (GU208677). In silico protein translation of the nucleotide sequence showed L. vannamei to be 152aa in size and 78% identical to a reported sequence from F. chinensis (AFU60547), while L. occidentalis was 58% identical. to P. monodon (ADA67878) and presented a size of 152aa. Finally, L. stylirostris had a size of 169aa and a percentage of identity with P. monodon of 43% (ADA67878). The IAG was found in the androgenic gland (translation site) and in the spermatic duct, indicating a possible movement of protein by the reproductive system. These results show that the process of sexual differentiation is related to a coding sequence for an insulin-like peptide in marine shrimps, which constitutes important bases for the application of gene silencing in shrimps of the genus Litopenaeus and other crustaceans through the technology of RNA interference (RNAi), and its possible uses in the improvement and management of these marine resources.
Descripción
Sancho Blanco, C. (2015). Aislamiento e identificación molecular de la secuencia parcial del transcripto codificante del péptido especifico insulina en la glándula androgénica de camarones marino del género Litopenaeus en Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
CRUSTACEOS MARINOS, CAMARONES, SHRIMP, CRIA DE CRUSTACEOS, REPRODUCCION ANIMAL, BIOTECNOLOGIA, BIOTECHNOLOGY, COMERCIALIZACION, EXTRACCION