Aislamiento y Filogenia de Alfavirus: Encefalitis Equina del Este, Encefalitis Equina del Oeste, Encefalitis Equina Venezolana (Togaviridae) y Flavivirus: Virus del Oeste del Nilo (Flaviviridae) en muestras de aves silvestres de zonas con brotes de enfermedad neurológica en equinos en Costa Rica
Fecha
2015
Autores
Romero-Vega, L. Mario
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los Alfavirus y Flavivirus pueden causar enfermedad febril y, en algunos casos, enfermedad neurológica, tanto en seres humanos como en animales. Los virus Encefalitis Equina del Este y Encefalitis Equina Venezolana, Encefalitis Equina del Oeste y West Nile pueden utilizar aves silvestres como amplificadores en su ciclo epidemiológico. En Costa Rica existe un vacío epidemiológico en cuanto al conocimiento de los subtipos virales de Alfa- y Flavivirus circulantes y las aves involucradas en el ciclo.
Para determinar la presencia y caracterizar estos agentes, se muestrearon aves silvestres en zonas con reporte confirmado de casos clínicos de encefalitis en equinos. Se establecieron seis sitios de muestreo, caracterizados por ser zonas límites entre bosques y zonas agropecuarias.
Mediante el uso redes de niebla, colocadas en zonas de paso y bosques de galería, se recolectaron 100 individuos de 52 especies diferentes, principalmente Passeriformes. Muestras clínicas, colectadas de las aves capturadas, fueron inoculadas en cultivos de la línea celular C6/36, realizando un total de dos pasajes. Posteriormente, cada cultivo fue analizado mediante PCR para WNV, EEE, EEV, y se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: VON (1/100), EEE (3/100), EEV (3/100), EEO (0/100). No se realizó más de un aislamiento en una misma especie, sugiriendo que la población que mantiene el virus en el ciclo silvestre es muy heterogénea. En contraste, los subtipos virales para cada agente, no difieren entre ellos y coinciden filogenéticamente con aislamientos realizados en la región mesoamericana.
The Alphavirus and Flavivirus can cause febrile illness and neurologic symptoms in both: humans and domestic animals. The Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEE), Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEE), Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEE) and West Nile Virus (WNV); may use wild birds as amplifiers in their epidemiological cycle. In Costa Rica, there is a lack of knowledge about which viral subtypes of Alphavirus and Flavivirus are circulating among the country, and which avian species are involve in these cycles. To establish the presence and describe these viruses, as well as which species are involve in their cycles, we captured wild birds in areas with positive history of equine cases with neurologic symptoms due to these viruses. We select six sampling points based on their agricultural-forest landscape. Using mist nets, we collected 100 birds of 52 different species, being Passeriforms the majority of them. Samples from these birds were used to inoculate cell cultures from the C6/36 cell line, making a total of two passages. To every cell culture flask, we did a PCR to determine the presence of WNV, EEE, VEE and WEE viruses, therefore confirming the isolation of a virus. The results were the following: WNV (1/100), EEE (3/100), VEE (3/100), WEE (0/100). There was no isolation of any virus in the same species of bird, suggesting the wild population that serves as amplifier is very heterogenic. On the other hand, the viral subtypes did not differ among them and they match in terms of phylogeny other isolates from the Mesoamerican region.
The Alphavirus and Flavivirus can cause febrile illness and neurologic symptoms in both: humans and domestic animals. The Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEE), Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEE), Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEE) and West Nile Virus (WNV); may use wild birds as amplifiers in their epidemiological cycle. In Costa Rica, there is a lack of knowledge about which viral subtypes of Alphavirus and Flavivirus are circulating among the country, and which avian species are involve in these cycles. To establish the presence and describe these viruses, as well as which species are involve in their cycles, we captured wild birds in areas with positive history of equine cases with neurologic symptoms due to these viruses. We select six sampling points based on their agricultural-forest landscape. Using mist nets, we collected 100 birds of 52 different species, being Passeriforms the majority of them. Samples from these birds were used to inoculate cell cultures from the C6/36 cell line, making a total of two passages. To every cell culture flask, we did a PCR to determine the presence of WNV, EEE, VEE and WEE viruses, therefore confirming the isolation of a virus. The results were the following: WNV (1/100), EEE (3/100), VEE (3/100), WEE (0/100). There was no isolation of any virus in the same species of bird, suggesting the wild population that serves as amplifier is very heterogenic. On the other hand, the viral subtypes did not differ among them and they match in terms of phylogeny other isolates from the Mesoamerican region.
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CABALLOS, COSTA RICA, ENCEFALITIS, AVES, ESPECIES NATIVAS, VIROLOGIA VETERINARIA, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), FILOGENIA, HORSE, ENCEPHALITIS, BIRDS, NATIVE SPECIES, VETERINARY VIROLOGY, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (VETERINARY MEDICINE), PHILOGENICS