Pasantía en la Unidad de Microbiología Médico Veterinaria del Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Veterinarios del SENASA
Fecha
2023
Autores
Villalobos Solís, María José
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de pasantía se realizó durante los meses de enero a
marzo del 2023, en la Unidad de Microbiología Médico Veterinaria (MMV) del
LANASEVE en el Campus Benjamín Núñez, Lagunilla, Ulloa, Heredia, para un total
de 12 semanas. El objetivo principal fue fortalecer las habilidades en el laboratorio
diagnóstico mediante el desarrollo de técnicas bacteriológicas y moleculares para
bacterias zoonóticas.
Se procesaron un total de 450 muestras para las pruebas rutinarias del
laboratorio, siendo la determinación de Salmonella Gallinarum y S. Enteritidis
(193/450) la más común, seguida del diagnóstico de Mycobacterium bovis por
Interferón Gamma (150/450).
Asimismo, durante la pasantía se colaboró con la reorganización y cultivo de
muestras del banco de leches positivas anteriormente por serología para
brucelosis, tejidos bovinos y especímenes del banco de cetáceos.
Del banco de leches y los tejidos bovinos de los años 2011 al 2016, se
realizaron 275 cultivos para Brucella spp. en los medios CITA y Farrell. Estas
mismas muestras habían sido cultivadas anteriormente en Agar Sangre y Agar
Brucella utilizando el suplemento SR0209 de Oxoid, obteniendo resultados
negativos en el 100% de los casos y con el cambio de medios de cultivo realizado
durante el 2023 se obtuvo cultivos positivos en el 50% (6/12) de los tejidos y en el
4% (9/263) de las leches. Para los 15 cultivos positivos, se aplicó el PCR múltiple
Bruce-ladder para confirmar Brucella abortus.
x
De los 51 cetáceos trabajados (2010 al 2020), se determinó que la especie
predominante fue Stenella coeruleoalba en un 73% (37/51) y no hubo una diferencia
significativa en cuanto al sexo de los individuos. A pesar de su antigüedad, los
tejidos se encontraron en un nivel dos de descomposición en el 78% (40/51) de los
casos. Se realizaron ensayos inmunocromatográficos usando un kit comercial para
el diagnóstico de Brucella spp., obteniendo un 71% (36/51) de positividad en las
pruebas, correspondiendo el 92% (33/36) de las mismas a la especie Stenella
coeruleoalba. Se cultivaron muestras de 15 animales que anteriormente ya se
habían cultivado, pero en este nuevo análisis en el 2023, sólo una muestra resultó
nuevamente positiva, y se clasificó como B. ceti en Bruce-ladder.
En conclusión, la pasantía representó una oportunidad para el crecimiento
profesional en el área de laboratorio diagnóstico al trabajar con diversos agentes
que tienen un rol fundamental en la salud pública. Además de laborar con equipos
y muestras que no habían sido abordados anteriormente durante la carrera.
This internship was conducted from January to March 2023 at the Veterinary Medical Microbiology Unit (MMV) of LANASEVE in Campus Benjamín Núñez, Lagunilla, Ulloa, Heredia, for a total of 12 weeks. The main objective was to improve skills in the diagnostic laboratory through the development of bacteriological and molecular techniques for zoonotic bacteria. A total of 450 samples were processed for routine laboratory diagnostic tests, with the determination of Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Enteritidis being the most common (193/450), followed by the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis by Interferon Gamma (150/450). Likewise, during the internship, was reorganized and culture samples from the bank of milks previously diagnosed as serologically positive for brucellosis, bovine tissues, and specimens from the cetacean bank. From the milk bank and bovine tissues from 2011 to 2016, 275 were cultured for Brucella spp. in CITA and Farrell media. These same samples had previously been cultured on Blood Agar and Brucella Agar using Oxoid's SR0209 supplement, obtaining negative results in 100% of the cases. With the change of culture media carried out during 2023, positive cultures were obtained in 50% (6/12) of the cases of tissues and in 4% (9/263) of milks. For the 15 positive cultures, multiplex Bruce ladder PCR was applied to confirm Brucella abortus. Of the 51 cetaceans (from 2010 to 2020) worked, it was determined that the predominant species was Stenella coeruleoalba in 73% (37/51) and there was no significant difference regarding the sex of the individuals. Despite their age, the xii degree of tissue decomposition was found at a level two in 78% (40/51) of cases. Immunochromatographic assays were performed using a commercial kit for the diagnosis of Brucella spp., obtaining 71% (36/51) positivity in the tests, 92% (33/36) of which corresponded to the species Stenella coeruleoalba. Samples from 15 previously cultured animals were reanalyzed, but only one sample was again positive in 2023, and it was classified as B. ceti on the Bruce-ladder. In conclusion, the internship provided an opportunity for professional growth in the diagnostic laboratory area by working with various agents that play a fundamental role in public health. It also involved working with equipment and samples that had not been previously addressed during the degree
This internship was conducted from January to March 2023 at the Veterinary Medical Microbiology Unit (MMV) of LANASEVE in Campus Benjamín Núñez, Lagunilla, Ulloa, Heredia, for a total of 12 weeks. The main objective was to improve skills in the diagnostic laboratory through the development of bacteriological and molecular techniques for zoonotic bacteria. A total of 450 samples were processed for routine laboratory diagnostic tests, with the determination of Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Enteritidis being the most common (193/450), followed by the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis by Interferon Gamma (150/450). Likewise, during the internship, was reorganized and culture samples from the bank of milks previously diagnosed as serologically positive for brucellosis, bovine tissues, and specimens from the cetacean bank. From the milk bank and bovine tissues from 2011 to 2016, 275 were cultured for Brucella spp. in CITA and Farrell media. These same samples had previously been cultured on Blood Agar and Brucella Agar using Oxoid's SR0209 supplement, obtaining negative results in 100% of the cases. With the change of culture media carried out during 2023, positive cultures were obtained in 50% (6/12) of the cases of tissues and in 4% (9/263) of milks. For the 15 positive cultures, multiplex Bruce ladder PCR was applied to confirm Brucella abortus. Of the 51 cetaceans (from 2010 to 2020) worked, it was determined that the predominant species was Stenella coeruleoalba in 73% (37/51) and there was no significant difference regarding the sex of the individuals. Despite their age, the xii degree of tissue decomposition was found at a level two in 78% (40/51) of cases. Immunochromatographic assays were performed using a commercial kit for the diagnosis of Brucella spp., obtaining 71% (36/51) positivity in the tests, 92% (33/36) of which corresponded to the species Stenella coeruleoalba. Samples from 15 previously cultured animals were reanalyzed, but only one sample was again positive in 2023, and it was classified as B. ceti on the Bruce-ladder. In conclusion, the internship provided an opportunity for professional growth in the diagnostic laboratory area by working with various agents that play a fundamental role in public health. It also involved working with equipment and samples that had not been previously addressed during the degree
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
ZOONOSIS, ZOONOSES, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS, BACTERIAS, SALUD PUBLICA, PUBLIC HEALTH