Evaluación nutracéutica de los extractos crudos de Ackee (Blighia sapida), colectado en la región caribeña de Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Autores
Tucker Johnson:, Kenny
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se analizó el potencial nutraceútico de Blighia sapida (ackee) de diferentes partes del árbol: arilo maduro, arilo verde, hojas, tallo, y exocarpio. Se determinó el contenido de polifenoles totales (PFT), antocianinas totales (ANT), y la actividad antioxidante mediante los métodos Folin-Ciocalteu, pH diferencial y ORAC respectivamente. Por otro lado, se analizó el potencial antibiótico contra las bacterias ESKAPE (Kirby- Bauer). La parte con mayor PFT fue el exocarpio (6.107 ± 0.262 mg EAG/gMS), mientras que la de menor contenido fue el arilo maduro (1.440±0.007 mg EAG/gMS). Las ANT están en mayor proporción en el arilo verde (13.130±0.980 mgE C3G/gMS) siendo significativamente superior a las otras partes (ANOVA,
Tukey, p <0.05). El tallo es la parte con menor ANT (2.201 mgE C3G/gMS). Las hojas presentan las mejores propiedades antioxidantes (115.281±3.334 µmol ET/gMS) mientras que el de menor actividad es el arilo maduro (6.903±0.278 µmol ET/gMS), lo cual es parcialmente consistente con el contenido de PFT mostrando la relación entre las variables PFT y ORAC. La capacidad antioxidante es más alta en las hojas, y el exocarpio en segundo lugar (110.382±1.176 µmol ET/gMS). Pese a que las ANT son un subgrupo de los PFT, las ANT no están relacionadas significativamente con ORAC. El arilo maduro y el arilo verde, de menor a mayor, son las partes con menos efecto antimicrobiano sobre las bacterias, a diferencia del tallo y el exocarpio, los cuales presentan el mayor efecto antibiótico, sin diferencias significativas entre ellas (p<0.05). Según los resultados, la parte de la planta de B. sapida con un mejor potencial nutracéutico es el exocarpio, lo cual permite generar un mayor valor agregado dado que
constituye la parte del fruto que normalmente es descartado.
The nutraceutical potential of Blighia sapida (ackee) from different parts of the tree was analyzed: mature aril, green aril, leaves, stem, and exocarp. The content of total polyphenols (PFT), total anthocyanins (ANT), and antioxidant activity were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu, differential pH, and ORAC methods, respectively. On the other hand, the antibiotic potential against ESKAPE (Kirby-Bauer) bacteria was analyzed. The part with the highest PFT was the exocarp (6.107 ± 0.262 mg EAG/gMS), while the part with the lowest content was the mature aril (1.440 ± 0.007 mg EAG/gMS). The ANTs are in a higher proportion in the green arile (13.130±0.980 mgE C3G/gMS) being significantly higher than the other parts (ANOVA, Tukey, p <0.05). The stem is the part with the lowest ANT (2,201 mgE C3G/gMS). The leaves present the best antioxidant properties (115.281±3.334 µmol ET/gMS) while the mature aril is the one with the lowest activity (6.903±0.278 µmol ET/gMS), which is partially consistent with the PFT content, showing the relationship between PFT and ORAC variables. The antioxidant capacity is highest in the leaves, and the exocarp in second place (110.382±1.176 µmol ET/gMS). Although ANTs are a subgroup of PFTs, ANTs are not significantly related to ORAC. The mature aril and the green aril, from smallest to largest, are the parts with the least antimicrobial effect on bacteria, unlike the stem and the exocarp, which have the greatest antibiotic effect, without significant differences between them (p<0.05). . According to the results, the part of the B. sapida plant with the best nutraceutical potential is the exocarp, which allows generating a higher added value since it constitutes the part of the fruit that is normally discarded.
The nutraceutical potential of Blighia sapida (ackee) from different parts of the tree was analyzed: mature aril, green aril, leaves, stem, and exocarp. The content of total polyphenols (PFT), total anthocyanins (ANT), and antioxidant activity were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu, differential pH, and ORAC methods, respectively. On the other hand, the antibiotic potential against ESKAPE (Kirby-Bauer) bacteria was analyzed. The part with the highest PFT was the exocarp (6.107 ± 0.262 mg EAG/gMS), while the part with the lowest content was the mature aril (1.440 ± 0.007 mg EAG/gMS). The ANTs are in a higher proportion in the green arile (13.130±0.980 mgE C3G/gMS) being significantly higher than the other parts (ANOVA, Tukey, p <0.05). The stem is the part with the lowest ANT (2,201 mgE C3G/gMS). The leaves present the best antioxidant properties (115.281±3.334 µmol ET/gMS) while the mature aril is the one with the lowest activity (6.903±0.278 µmol ET/gMS), which is partially consistent with the PFT content, showing the relationship between PFT and ORAC variables. The antioxidant capacity is highest in the leaves, and the exocarp in second place (110.382±1.176 µmol ET/gMS). Although ANTs are a subgroup of PFTs, ANTs are not significantly related to ORAC. The mature aril and the green aril, from smallest to largest, are the parts with the least antimicrobial effect on bacteria, unlike the stem and the exocarp, which have the greatest antibiotic effect, without significant differences between them (p<0.05). . According to the results, the part of the B. sapida plant with the best nutraceutical potential is the exocarp, which allows generating a higher added value since it constitutes the part of the fruit that is normally discarded.
Descripción
Tucker Johnson, K.(2023). Evaluación nutracéutica de los extractos crudos de Ackee (Blighia sapida), colectado en la región caribeña de Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ANTIOXIDANTE, FENOLES, ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS, CULTIVOS ALIMENTICIOS, PHENOLS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOTECNOLOGÍA, BIOLOGÍA, SAPINDACEAE, LIMÓN (COSTA RICA)