Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de aislamientos multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus en el Laboratorio de Bacteriología de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional
Fecha
2022
Autores
Alfaro Alfaro, María Laura
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Staphylococcus aureus es una bacteria oportunista que puede causar infecciones
en animales y seres humanos cuando las barreras cutáneas y mucosas se rompen.
Estas infecciones se han convertido en una amenaza para la salud pública a causa del
fenómeno de resistencia a los antibióticos que dio origen al surgimiento de S. aureus
resistentes a la meticilina (MRSA).
En el estudio de Segura-Lobo 2020 se generó evidencia sobre la prevalencia de S.
aureus y MRSA en seres humanos relacionados al quehacer veterinario. Para clasificar
los aislamientos obtenidos en este estudio como MRSA, se utilizó el sistema
automatizado Vitek 2, el cual no es un método confirmatorio de este mecanismo y por
lo tanto sus resultados deben ser comprobados por métodos avalados para este fin. El
presente trabajo confirma estos resultados (utilizando 24 posibles aislamientos MRSA
y dos posibles aislamientos susceptibles del estudio) por medio de la prueba de
difusión en disco con cefoxitina y la amplificación del gen mecA por medio de PCR
(pruebas avaladas por el CLSI).
De las 24 cepas clasificadas como MRSA por el equipo Vitek 2, 23 (95,83%) se
identificaron como resistentes a cefoxitina (MRSA), el aislamiento restante se identificó
como susceptible a cefoxitina y los dos posibles aislamientos susceptibles por Vitek 2,
se clasificaron como susceptibles a cefoxitina (MSSA) mediante la prueba de difusión
en disco. Estos resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos mediante la prueba de PCR,
donde los aislamientos resistentes a cefoxtina amplifican una banda de 310 pb
correspondiente al gen mecA y los aislamientos susceptibles a cefoxitina no.
ix
Debido a los resultados inexactos que se pueden presentar con el Vitek 2, se
recomienda comprobar los fenotipos de resistencia obtenidos mediante este método
con la prueba de difusión en disco con cefoxitina y en caso de discrepancias, se
aconseja el uso de la prueba de PCR para determinar la presencia o ausencia del gen
mecA.
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infections in animals and humans when the skin and mucosal barriers are broken. These infections are a public health threat due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). According to Segura-Lobo and colleagues (2020), the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in humans related to veterinary practice in Costa Rica was identified. The Vitek 2 automated system was used to classify the isolates obtained in this study as MRSA. This is not a confirmatory method of this mechanism; hence the results must be verified by other methods. In this work, 24 expected MRSA isolates and two expected susceptible isolates were evaluated by the disk diffusion test with cefoxitin and amplification of the mecA gene by PCR (tests endorsed by the CLSI). Of the 24 strains classified as MRSA by the Vitek 2, a total of 23 (95.83%) were identified as resistant to cefoxitin (MRSA), one isolate was identified as susceptible to cefoxitin and the two expected susceptible isolates identified by the Vitek 2 were classified as susceptible to cefoxitin (MSSA) by the disk diffusion test. These results correlate with those obtained by the PCR test, for which cefoxitin-resistant isolates amplified a 310 bp band corresponding to the mecA gene, and which differed from those cefoxitin-susceptible isolates. Due to the inaccuracy observed on the Vitek 2 results, it is recommended to confirm the resistance phenotypes using the disk diffusion test with cefoxitin. In case of discrepancies, the use of the PCR test is highly recommended in order to determine the presence or absence of the mecA gene.
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infections in animals and humans when the skin and mucosal barriers are broken. These infections are a public health threat due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). According to Segura-Lobo and colleagues (2020), the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in humans related to veterinary practice in Costa Rica was identified. The Vitek 2 automated system was used to classify the isolates obtained in this study as MRSA. This is not a confirmatory method of this mechanism; hence the results must be verified by other methods. In this work, 24 expected MRSA isolates and two expected susceptible isolates were evaluated by the disk diffusion test with cefoxitin and amplification of the mecA gene by PCR (tests endorsed by the CLSI). Of the 24 strains classified as MRSA by the Vitek 2, a total of 23 (95.83%) were identified as resistant to cefoxitin (MRSA), one isolate was identified as susceptible to cefoxitin and the two expected susceptible isolates identified by the Vitek 2 were classified as susceptible to cefoxitin (MSSA) by the disk diffusion test. These results correlate with those obtained by the PCR test, for which cefoxitin-resistant isolates amplified a 310 bp band corresponding to the mecA gene, and which differed from those cefoxitin-susceptible isolates. Due to the inaccuracy observed on the Vitek 2 results, it is recommended to confirm the resistance phenotypes using the disk diffusion test with cefoxitin. In case of discrepancies, the use of the PCR test is highly recommended in order to determine the presence or absence of the mecA gene.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
ANTIBIÓTICOS, BACTERIAS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS, REACCION DE CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA, POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ANTIBIOTICS