Pasantía en medicina interna y cirugía en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS), Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Fecha
2022
Autores
Zamora Segura, Valeria
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta pasantía tuvo lugar en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres de la
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica,
del 26 de julio de 2021 al 26 de setiembre de 2021, con una duración de 340
horas. Se participó en la atención de 203 pacientes, de los cuales 168 (82.7%)
fueron caninos y 35 (17.2%) felinos.
De estos, las edades más frecuentes fueron de diez años en adelante en caninos
(35%), y entre los cero y cuatro años en felinos (48.5%). Los caninos sin raza
definida (31.5%) y los felinos domésticos de pelo corto (82.8%) representaron la
mayor parte de la población atendida. Los signos clínicos específicos delimitados
a algún sistema representaron el principal motivo de consulta, seguidos por los
signos inespecíficos, los procedimientos programados y las emergencias, de
manera descendente.
Se participó en la ejecución o toma de muestras de un total de 561 exámenes
complementarios, de los que la mayoría fueron pruebas de laboratorio, tales como
el hemograma (27.6%) y las químicas sanguíneas (24.7%), seguidas por las
imágenes médicas, específicamente radiografías (18.8%) y ecografías (18%).
Otras pruebas utilizadas menos frecuentemente fueron las biopsias, uroanálisis,
análisis coprológico, SNAP test, test de fluoresceína, gastroscopía, entre otras.
De los pacientes atendidos el sistema más afectado fue el gastrointestinal, tanto
en caninos como en felinos (29.1% y 28.5% respectivamente), seguido por el
sistema musculoesquelético (13.6% y 22.8%), y, por último, el sistema
tegumentario en caninos (10.1%), y el sistema renal y urinario en felinos (14.2%).
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Un 6.5% de los caninos y un 5.7% de los felinos presentaron dos o más
enfermedades que impactaban varios sistemas.
Del total de casos asistidos, un 50.2% recibió abordaje médico, un 30.5%
quirúrgico y un 11.3% una combinación de ambos. Un 7.8% de los pacientes no
recibieron tratamiento de ningún tipo. Se participó de cirugías de tejidos blandos y
ortopédicas, y se emplearon tratamientos médicos diversos adecuados a cada
caso.
Así mismo, se realizó la descripción detallada y el análisis del abordaje
diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de un caso clínico de un canino con una
micosis intestinal.
This internship took place at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional in Heredia, Costa Rica, from July 26th, 2021, to September 26th 2021, with a total of 340 hours. The student participated in the medical attention of 203 patients, of whom 168 (82.7%) were dogs and 35 (17.2%) cats. Among the patients, the most frequent ages were ten years and older in dogs (35%), and between zero and four years in cats (48.5%). Mixed breed dogs (31.5%) and domestic short-haired cats (82.8%) represented most of the population. The most frequent reason for medical consultation were specific clinical signs delimited to some system, followed by non-specific signs, scheduled procedures and less frequently, emergencies. A total of 561 diagnostic tests were carried out or sampled. A greater part were laboratory tests, such as blood counts (27.6%) and blood chemistries (24.7%), followed by medical images, including X-rays (18.8%) and ultrasounds (18%). Other complementary tests used less frequently were biopsies, urinalysis, stool analysis, SNAP test, fluorescein eye stain test, gastroscopy, along with others. The most affected system was the gastrointestinal system, in both dogs and cats (29.1% and 28.5%, respectively), followed by the musculoskeletal system (13.6% and 22.8%), and, lastly, the integumentary system in dogs (10.1%), and the renal system and urinary tract in cats (14.2%). 6.5% of the dogs and 5.7% of the cats presented two or more diseases that impacted several body systems. xii From the total number of cases, 50.2% received a medical treatment, 30.5% surgical treatment and 11.3% a combination of both. 7.8% of the patients didn’t receive treatment of any kind. During the internship the student participated in soft tissue and orthopedic surgeries and giving different medical treatments appropriate to each case. A detailed description and critical analysis of the diagnostic approach, treatment, and evolution of a clinical case of a dog with an intestinal mycosis was carried out.
This internship took place at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional in Heredia, Costa Rica, from July 26th, 2021, to September 26th 2021, with a total of 340 hours. The student participated in the medical attention of 203 patients, of whom 168 (82.7%) were dogs and 35 (17.2%) cats. Among the patients, the most frequent ages were ten years and older in dogs (35%), and between zero and four years in cats (48.5%). Mixed breed dogs (31.5%) and domestic short-haired cats (82.8%) represented most of the population. The most frequent reason for medical consultation were specific clinical signs delimited to some system, followed by non-specific signs, scheduled procedures and less frequently, emergencies. A total of 561 diagnostic tests were carried out or sampled. A greater part were laboratory tests, such as blood counts (27.6%) and blood chemistries (24.7%), followed by medical images, including X-rays (18.8%) and ultrasounds (18%). Other complementary tests used less frequently were biopsies, urinalysis, stool analysis, SNAP test, fluorescein eye stain test, gastroscopy, along with others. The most affected system was the gastrointestinal system, in both dogs and cats (29.1% and 28.5%, respectively), followed by the musculoskeletal system (13.6% and 22.8%), and, lastly, the integumentary system in dogs (10.1%), and the renal system and urinary tract in cats (14.2%). 6.5% of the dogs and 5.7% of the cats presented two or more diseases that impacted several body systems. xii From the total number of cases, 50.2% received a medical treatment, 30.5% surgical treatment and 11.3% a combination of both. 7.8% of the patients didn’t receive treatment of any kind. During the internship the student participated in soft tissue and orthopedic surgeries and giving different medical treatments appropriate to each case. A detailed description and critical analysis of the diagnostic approach, treatment, and evolution of a clinical case of a dog with an intestinal mycosis was carried out.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
MEDICINA INTERNA, INTERNAL MEDICINE, CIRUGÍA VETERINARIA, VETERINARY SURGERY, PERRO, CANINE DISEASES, HISTOPLASMOSIS DISEMINADA, FELINOS