Detección del Virus de la Leucosis Bovina en semen de toros en Costa Rica
Fecha
2019
Autores
Leiva González, Luis Roberto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La leucosis bovina enzoótica (LBE) es una enfermedad infecciosa incurable causada por el virus de
la leucosis bovina (BLV) que infecta los linfocitos B y que se transmite sobre todo mediante
transferencia de sangre. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos
contra BLV en sangre de toros (Bos indicus, Bos taurus y sus cruces) de explotaciones ganaderas
costarricenses (leche, carne y doble propósito), y detectar el ADN de BLV en el semen de estos
toros.
Entre mayo del 2011 y agosto del 2018 se recolectó un total de 379 muestras de sangre y 133
muestras de semen de toros de 118 explotaciones ganaderas costarricenses (41 de leche, 47 de carne
y 30 de doble propósito). De estos animales se obtuvo la siguiente información: procedencia, raza,
edad y tipo de explotación. Las muestras de sangre fueron analizadas mediante un ensayo
inmunoenzimático.
Una muestra, seleccionada por conveniencia de 40 muestras de semen de toros seropositivos y 40
seronegativos fueron analizadas mediante técnicas moleculares (PCR y secuenciación). Además, se
analizaron 51 pajillas de semen importado de toros de Brasil y Estados Unidos utilizados para
inseminación artificial.
La seropositividad de BLV por toro y finca fue 43.3% (164/379) y 64.4% (76/118) respectivamente,
siendo los toros de las razas Holstein (75.0%), Jersey (74.2%), y sus cruces (80.0%) los que
presentaron una mayor seropositividad. Además, se determinó que los animales Bos taurus (71.9%)
y toros entre 7.5-10 años (64.2%) presentaron mayores porcentajes de positividad, contrario a los
hatos de carne (17.0%) y animales de los otros grupos etarios (0-3.5 años: 25.7% y 4-7 años: 49.2%).
El ADN de BLV se encontró únicamente en una muestra de semen (1.3%) de un toro seropositivo
de 3.5 años, de raza Holstein, proveniente de un hato de leche de Pital de San Carlos. Las demás
muestras analizadas mediante PCR (semen de animales seropositivos y seronegativos y pajillas)
resultaron negativas. Se determinó una baja presencia del virus, por consiguiente, se confirma, que
la transmisión de BLV mediante semen no parece ser una vía importante de transmisión del agente.
Sin embargo, para fines de comercio y en hatos BLV libres se recomienda utilizar toros BLV
seronegativos o analizar mediante PCR el semen de toros seropositivos, para reducir la probabilidad
de ingreso del virus al hato.
BLV is an incurable infectious disease caused by the Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) which infects the B lymphocytes and is transmitted through blood transfusion between cattle. The aim of this research was to determine the presence of antibodies in the blood of bulls (Bos indicus, Bos taurus and its cross-breeds) of selected Costa Rican cattle farms (milk, beef and dual purpose); also, to detect the DNA of BLV in the semen of these bulls. A total of 379 blood samples and 133 bull semen samples from 118 Costa Rican cattle farms (41 of milk, 47 of beef and 30 of dual purpose) were collected from May 2011 to August 2018. The information obtained from these animals was the following: origin, breed, age and type of exploitation. The blood samples were analyzed using an immunoenzymatic technique to detect antibodies against BLV. A convenience sample of 40 seropositive and 40 seronegative bull semen samples was analyzed using the molecular technique (PCR and sequencing). In addition, 51 bovine semen straws imported from Brasil and United States and used for artificial insemination were analyzed. A total of 43.3% (164) bulls were found to be BLV seropositive whereas 64.4% (76) farms were found to have seropositive bulls. Besides, Holstein (75.0%), Jersey (74.2%) and its cross-breeds (80.0%) revealed higher percentages of BLV positivity. In addition, Bos taurus (71.9%) and bulls between 7.5-10 years (64.2%) showed higher percentages of positivity, as beef herds (17.0%) and bulls of other ages (0-3.5 years: 25.7% and 4-7 years: 49.2%). The DNA of BLV was only found in one semen sample (1.3%) of a 3.5 year old seropositive Holstein bull from a milk herd in Pital of San Carlos. A low presence of the virus was determined; therefore, it is confirmed that the transmission of BLV by semen does not seem to be an important route of agent transmission. However, for commercial purposes and in free BLV herds, it is recommended to use seronegative BLV bulls or to analyze the semen from seropositive bulls, in order to reduce the probability of the virus entering the herd.
BLV is an incurable infectious disease caused by the Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) which infects the B lymphocytes and is transmitted through blood transfusion between cattle. The aim of this research was to determine the presence of antibodies in the blood of bulls (Bos indicus, Bos taurus and its cross-breeds) of selected Costa Rican cattle farms (milk, beef and dual purpose); also, to detect the DNA of BLV in the semen of these bulls. A total of 379 blood samples and 133 bull semen samples from 118 Costa Rican cattle farms (41 of milk, 47 of beef and 30 of dual purpose) were collected from May 2011 to August 2018. The information obtained from these animals was the following: origin, breed, age and type of exploitation. The blood samples were analyzed using an immunoenzymatic technique to detect antibodies against BLV. A convenience sample of 40 seropositive and 40 seronegative bull semen samples was analyzed using the molecular technique (PCR and sequencing). In addition, 51 bovine semen straws imported from Brasil and United States and used for artificial insemination were analyzed. A total of 43.3% (164) bulls were found to be BLV seropositive whereas 64.4% (76) farms were found to have seropositive bulls. Besides, Holstein (75.0%), Jersey (74.2%) and its cross-breeds (80.0%) revealed higher percentages of BLV positivity. In addition, Bos taurus (71.9%) and bulls between 7.5-10 years (64.2%) showed higher percentages of positivity, as beef herds (17.0%) and bulls of other ages (0-3.5 years: 25.7% and 4-7 years: 49.2%). The DNA of BLV was only found in one semen sample (1.3%) of a 3.5 year old seropositive Holstein bull from a milk herd in Pital of San Carlos. A low presence of the virus was determined; therefore, it is confirmed that the transmission of BLV by semen does not seem to be an important route of agent transmission. However, for commercial purposes and in free BLV herds, it is recommended to use seronegative BLV bulls or to analyze the semen from seropositive bulls, in order to reduce the probability of the virus entering the herd.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
TORO, BULL, GANADO DE CARNE, GANADO DE LECHE, LEUCOSIS BOVINA, SEMEN, SANGRE, BEEF CATTLE, DAIRY CATTLE, BOVINE LEUKOSIS, BLOOD