Priorización de áreas y lineamientos de manejo para la rehabilitación de la subcuenca del Río Reventado
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Fecha
2021-10
Autores
Ramírez Torre, Alina
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en la subcuenca del río Reventado, ubicada en la provincia de Cartago debido a su gran importancia tanto ambiental como económica a nivel nacional que, sin embargo, presenta una grave problemática por contaminación y desastres naturales, que ponen en riesgo la seguridad de sus habitantes. Por tanto, se determinaron las áreas más prioritarias a intervenir, con el objetivo de centrar esfuerzos en la rehabilitación de esas zonas más vulnerables y así diseñar para las mismas una propuesta de lineamientos de manejo que beneficie la productividad de las tierras y el desarrollo de las comunidades, así como la mejora del suelo y del recurso hídrico del área en estudio. Se determinó como principal actividad económica la agricultura de productos como la papa, cebolla y zanahoria; la cual genera residuos físicos y químicos a la subcuenca, además se evidenció la alta vulnerabilidad que presentan los habitantes de la misma debido a las elevadas pendientes, características del suelo y fuertes precipitaciones, que generan deslizamientos, inundaciones y avalanchas. Por lo cual, se determinaron estrategias de conservación de suelos que busquen disminuir esta problemática, como las cercas vivas, construcción de terrazas, barreras muertas, cortinas rompeviento, siembras en contorno, sistemas agroforestales entre otras. Finalmente, se concluye que es necesaria la implementación de planes de manejo y técnicas conservacionistas en esta zona para mejorar el estado del suelo, así como de capacitaciones en el tema de la agricultura y diversificación de cultivos orientadas a incrementar la economía de los habitantes.
This work was carried out in the Reventado river sub-basin, located in the province of Cartago, due to its great environmental and economic importance at the national level, which, nevertheless, presents serious problems due to contamination and natural disasters that put the safety of its inhabitants at risk. Therefore, the most priority areas to intervene were determined, with the objective of focusing efforts on the rehabilitation of these most vulnerable zones and thus design a proposal for management guidelines that will benefit land productivity and community development, as well as the improvement of the soil and water resources of the area under study. The main economic activity was determined to be agriculture of products such as potatoes, onions and carrots, which generates physical and chemical waste in the sub-basin, as well as the high vulnerability of the inhabitants due to the steep slopes, soil characteristics and heavy rainfall, which generate landslides, floods and avalanches. Therefore, soil conservation strategies were identified that seek to reduce this problem, such as live fences, construction of terraces, dead barriers, windbreaks, contour planting, agroforestry systems, among others. Finally, it was concluded that it is necessary to implement management plans and conservation techniques in this area to improve the state of the soil, as well as training in agriculture and crop diversification aimed at increasing the economy of the inhabitants.
This work was carried out in the Reventado river sub-basin, located in the province of Cartago, due to its great environmental and economic importance at the national level, which, nevertheless, presents serious problems due to contamination and natural disasters that put the safety of its inhabitants at risk. Therefore, the most priority areas to intervene were determined, with the objective of focusing efforts on the rehabilitation of these most vulnerable zones and thus design a proposal for management guidelines that will benefit land productivity and community development, as well as the improvement of the soil and water resources of the area under study. The main economic activity was determined to be agriculture of products such as potatoes, onions and carrots, which generates physical and chemical waste in the sub-basin, as well as the high vulnerability of the inhabitants due to the steep slopes, soil characteristics and heavy rainfall, which generate landslides, floods and avalanches. Therefore, soil conservation strategies were identified that seek to reduce this problem, such as live fences, construction of terraces, dead barriers, windbreaks, contour planting, agroforestry systems, among others. Finally, it was concluded that it is necessary to implement management plans and conservation techniques in this area to improve the state of the soil, as well as training in agriculture and crop diversification aimed at increasing the economy of the inhabitants.
Descripción
Licenciatura con énfasis en Manejo Forestal
Palabras clave
CONSERVACIÓN DE SUELOS, SOIL CONSERVATION, AGRICULTURA, AGRICULTURE, CARTAGO (COSTA RICA), ROMPEVIENTO, FIREFALL, RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, WATER RESOURCES