Calidad del empleo y productividad laboral: un estudio de los trabajadores migrantes nicaragüenses en la caña de azúcar de la Región Chorotega de Costa Rica en la zafra 2019-2020
Fecha
2021-08
Autores
Brenes Cano, Damir Javier
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza la relación entre la calidad del empleo y la productividad laboral de los trabajadores migrantes nicaragüenses de la caña de azúcar en la región Chorotega de Costa Rica durante la zafra 2019-2020, a partir del ciclo migratorio que deben cumplir estos trabajadores temporales. Para esto, se diseñó un cuestionario y se aplicó a los trabajadores, mismo que se complementó con entrevistas a otros actores claves del ciclo migratorio.
A partir del método de Análisis de Componentes Principales se construyó un Índice de Calidad de Empleo, y se estimó la productividad de los trabajadores. Posteriormente se elaboró un modelo de regresión lineal simple que estima la relación entre la calidad del empleo y la productividad.
Entre los hallazgos principales se puede destacar que los trabajadores entrevistados tienen en general bajos niveles de calidad de empleo, aunque con mayores niveles de calidad de empleo subjetiva que objetiva. No obstante, en el modelo planteado es la calidad de empleo objetiva la variable significativa para explicar la productividad de los trabajadores.
Por otra parte, los trabajadores a pesar de las dificultades en cuanto al cumplimiento de los distintos factores que completan la variable calidad del empleo, se sienten satisfechos con la oportunidad de trabajar y generar ingresos.
Las recomendaciones propuestas van dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de empleo de los trabajadores, así como líneas de cambio identificadas en el marco institucional tanto de Costa Rica como de Nicaragua, relacionado con respecto a los derechos laborales y mínimos en las condiciones de trabajo y de permanencia de los trabajadores migrantes nicaragüenses en Costa Rica.
This research analyzes the relationship between job quality and labor productivity of Nicaraguan migrant sugarcane workers in the Chorotega region of Costa Rica during the 2019-2020 harvest, based on the migratory cycle that these temporary workers must fulfill. For this, a questionnaire was designed and applied to the workers, which was complemented with interviews with other key actors in the migration cycle. Using the Principal Component Analysis method, an Employment Quality Index was constructed, and worker productivity was estimated. Subsequently, a simple linear regression model was developed that estimates the relationship between job quality and productivity. Among the main findings, it can be highlighted that the workers interviewed generally have low levels of job quality, although with higher subjective than objective job quality levels. However, in the proposed model, the quality of objective employment is the significant variable to explain the productivity of workers. On the other hand, workers, despite the difficulties in complying with the different factors that complete the quality of employment variable, feel satisfied with the opportunity to work and generate income. The proposed recommendations are aimed at improving the quality of employment of workers, as well as lines of change identified in the institutional framework of both Costa Rica and Nicaragua, related to labor and minimum rights in working conditions and permanence of Nicaraguan migrant workers in Costa Rica.
This research analyzes the relationship between job quality and labor productivity of Nicaraguan migrant sugarcane workers in the Chorotega region of Costa Rica during the 2019-2020 harvest, based on the migratory cycle that these temporary workers must fulfill. For this, a questionnaire was designed and applied to the workers, which was complemented with interviews with other key actors in the migration cycle. Using the Principal Component Analysis method, an Employment Quality Index was constructed, and worker productivity was estimated. Subsequently, a simple linear regression model was developed that estimates the relationship between job quality and productivity. Among the main findings, it can be highlighted that the workers interviewed generally have low levels of job quality, although with higher subjective than objective job quality levels. However, in the proposed model, the quality of objective employment is the significant variable to explain the productivity of workers. On the other hand, workers, despite the difficulties in complying with the different factors that complete the quality of employment variable, feel satisfied with the opportunity to work and generate income. The proposed recommendations are aimed at improving the quality of employment of workers, as well as lines of change identified in the institutional framework of both Costa Rica and Nicaragua, related to labor and minimum rights in working conditions and permanence of Nicaraguan migrant workers in Costa Rica.
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Palabras clave
CALIDAD, PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL TRABAJO, MIGRACIÓN, NICARAGUA, CAÑA DE AZÚCAR, QUALITY WORK, PRODUCTIVITY, MIGRATION, SUGAR CANE