Identificación molecular de Streptococcus sp. y genes de resistencia a antibióticos presentes en granjas de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de la región del Pacífico Norte, Costa Rica
Fecha
2021
Autores
Oviedo-Bolaños, Karen
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La estreptococosis es una enfermedad bacteriana en tilapias que produce pérdidas económicas, causada principalmente por Streptococcus agalactiae y S. iniae. Se trata con oxitetraciclina y florfenicol, cuyo uso inadecuado favorece la selección de genes de resistencia a antibióticos (ARG). La enfermedad se ha asociado principalmente a eventos de estrés como variaciones de temperatura. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: (1) detectar por métodos moleculares dos especies de Streptococcus sp. en una granja de tilapia, (2) relacionar su presencia con parámetros físico-químicos en el sistema de cultivo, y (3) detectar la presencia de ARG en tejidos y / o estanques de tilapia. Se muestrearon estanques de crecimiento de tilapia (n = 30), recolectando 15 individuos por estanque. En cada estanque se midieron los parámetros físico-químicos del agua. Por estanque, se recolectaron órganos como el hígado, el bazo, el cerebro y los ojos de cada individuo. Luego, cada tipo de órgano se combinó con el órgano respectivo de los otros individuos, se procesó para la extracción de ADN y se utilizó para análisis de PCR para determinar la presencia de S. agalactiae, S. iniae y la detección de ARG (tetM, tetO, fexA y ermB). Se determinaron las correlaciones entre la presencia de S. agalactiae y los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua. El sesenta por ciento de los estanques y el 46% de los grupos de órganos fueron positivos para S. agalactiae, mientras que S. iniae no se detectó. Las muestras positivas mostraron los siguientes genes de resistencia: tet(O) (29,1%), tet(M) (12,7%) y erm(B) (1,8%). Se encontró una correlación positiva moderada pero significativa entre la temperatura y la presencia de S. agalactiae. Este trabajo reportó la detección molecular de dos especies de Streptococcus y ARGs, brindando información que permite un control rápido y efectivo de estos patógenos en el cultivo de tilapia a nivel mundial. Además, futuros estudios complementarios sobre la distribución de serotipos de Streptococcus sp y su histopatología también podrían contribuir al conocimiento de estos patógenos.
Streptococcosis is a bacterial disease in tilapia that produces economic losses, caused mainly by Streptococcus agalactiae and S. iniae. It is treated using oxytetracycline and florfenicol, which inappropriate use promotes the selection of antibiotic resistance-genes (ARGs). The disease has been mainly associated with stress events such as variations in temperature. The aims of the present study were: (1) to detect by molecular methods two species of Streptococcus sp. in a tilapia farm, (2) to relate their presence to physico-chemical parameters in the culture system, and (3) to detect the presence of ARGs in tilapia tissues and/or ponds. Tilapia grow-out ponds (n = 30) were sampled, collecting 15 individuals per pond. The physico-chemical parameters of water were measured in each pond. Per pond, organs such as liver, spleen, brain and eyes were collected from each individual. Then, each organ type was pooled with the respective organ of the other individuals, processed for DNA extraction and used for PCR analyses to determine the presence of S. agalactiae, S. iniae and for detection of ARGs (tetM, tetO, fexA and ermB). The correlations between the presence of S. agalactiae and water physicochemical parameters were determined. Sixty percent of the ponds and 46% of the organ pools were positive for S. agalactiae, whereas S. iniae was not detected. The positive samples showed the following resistance genes: tet(O) (29.1%), tet(M) (12.7%), and erm(B) (1.8%). A moderate but significant positive correlation was found between temperature and the presence of S. agalactiae. This work reported the molecular detection of two species of Streptococcus and ARGs, providing information that allows fast and effective control of this pathogens in tilapia farming worldwide. In addition, a future complementary studies on Streptococcus sp. serotype distribution and histopathology could also contribute to the knowledge of these pathogens.
Streptococcosis is a bacterial disease in tilapia that produces economic losses, caused mainly by Streptococcus agalactiae and S. iniae. It is treated using oxytetracycline and florfenicol, which inappropriate use promotes the selection of antibiotic resistance-genes (ARGs). The disease has been mainly associated with stress events such as variations in temperature. The aims of the present study were: (1) to detect by molecular methods two species of Streptococcus sp. in a tilapia farm, (2) to relate their presence to physico-chemical parameters in the culture system, and (3) to detect the presence of ARGs in tilapia tissues and/or ponds. Tilapia grow-out ponds (n = 30) were sampled, collecting 15 individuals per pond. The physico-chemical parameters of water were measured in each pond. Per pond, organs such as liver, spleen, brain and eyes were collected from each individual. Then, each organ type was pooled with the respective organ of the other individuals, processed for DNA extraction and used for PCR analyses to determine the presence of S. agalactiae, S. iniae and for detection of ARGs (tetM, tetO, fexA and ermB). The correlations between the presence of S. agalactiae and water physicochemical parameters were determined. Sixty percent of the ponds and 46% of the organ pools were positive for S. agalactiae, whereas S. iniae was not detected. The positive samples showed the following resistance genes: tet(O) (29.1%), tet(M) (12.7%), and erm(B) (1.8%). A moderate but significant positive correlation was found between temperature and the presence of S. agalactiae. This work reported the molecular detection of two species of Streptococcus and ARGs, providing information that allows fast and effective control of this pathogens in tilapia farming worldwide. In addition, a future complementary studies on Streptococcus sp. serotype distribution and histopathology could also contribute to the knowledge of these pathogens.
Descripción
Oviedo Bolaños, K. V. (2021). Identificación molecular de Streptococcus sp. y genes de resistencia a antibióticos presentes en granjas de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de la región del Pacífico Norte, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
AQUACULTURE, TILAPIA, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTENCE GEN (ARGS), ENDPOINT - PCR, WATER QUALITY, ACUICULTURA, CALIDAD DEL AGUA