Caracterización de sistemas de producción bovina y su asociación con la prevalencia de enfermedades venéreas primarias en machos reproductores de la Zona Huetar Norte y Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica
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Fecha
2019-05
Autores
Navarro Rojas, Leonel
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La caracterización de los sistemas de producción bovina y su posible
asociación con la prevalencia de enfermedades venéreas primarias (EVP), se llevó
a cabo en 157 fincas de la zona Huetar Norte y Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica (55,4%
lecherías, 24,2% doble propósito y 20,4% ganado de carne). El uso de algún
sistema de registro productivo fue reportado con más frecuencia en lecherías
(95,4%), comparado con los otros sistemas (86,8% y 81,3% respectivamente)
(P=0,04). Las fincas de ganado de carne registraron un mayor uso de la romana
(65,6%), en comparación con los otros sistemas (5,8% en lechería y 26,3% en doble
propósito) (P<0,0001). La monta natural fue el sistema más comúnmente utilizado
independientemente del tipo de explotación, siendo la monta continua el método
más usado (74,4%). El padreo sencillo fue el más frecuente (61,8%), en
comparación con el múltiple (36,4%). La evaluación andrológica (BSE) se practicó
con una baja frecuencia por parte de las fincas (promedio 15,9%). Sin embargo, los
criadores de ganado de carne reportaron una mayor utilización de este
procedimiento, en comparación con las lecherías y fincas de doble propósito (46,9%
vs. 4,7% y 16,2% respectivamente) (P<0,0001). Además, solo el 49,7% de los
productores declaró haber solicitado el BSE como un requisito previo a la compra
de un toro. Las lecherías utilizaron la asistencia veterinaria con más frecuencia
(83.9% como mínimo cada 2 meses), en comparación con las fincas de doble
propósito y cría de ganado de carne (47,4% y 50% respectivamente) (P<0,0001).
En el segundo capítulo, se estudió la prevalencia de las enfermedades venéreas
primarias en muestras de esmegma prepucial de 504 toros reproductores presentes
en las fincas examinadas. Para el diagnóstico, se utilizó el cultivo InPouch TF® más
la PCR en el caso del Tritrichomonas fetus, y la inmunofluorescencia directa para el
diagnóstico de Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. En ambos casos, la
prevalencia fue del 0%, por lo que no se encontró asociación con ninguna variable
estudiada. Se concluye que, a pesar de la existencia en las fincas de una serie de
factores de riesgo para la transmisión de EVP, no se pudo confirmar la presencia
de estos agentes en los toros analizados.
The characterization of the bovine production systems, as well as its potential association with the bull’s prevalence of primary venereal diseases was carried out in 157 farms from the North Huetar and North Pacific area of Costa Rica (55.4% dairy, 24.2% double purpose and 20.4% beef farms). In the first chapter, it was found that the use of any type of productive record system was reported more frequently by dairy (95.4%), compared with other systems (86.8% and 81.3% respectively) (P=0.04). Beef cattle farms registered a greater use of weighing scale (65.6%), compared with the other systems (5.8% in dairy and 26.3% in double purpose) (P<0.0001). Natural mating was the most common breeding system used regardless the type of herd studied, being the continuous mating the common scheme (74.4%). In regard to the type of siring, the single one was the most frequently reported (61.8%) vs 36.4% in multiple. The bull breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) was practiced very seldom as part of the herd management (average 15.9%). However, beef cattle breeders reported to carry out this procedure more frequently, compared to dairy and dual purpose (46.9% vs. 4.7% and 16.2% respectively) (P<0.0001). Furthermore, only 49.7% of producers reported to request a BSE as a requisite for purchasing a bull. Dairy farms used the veterinary assistance more frequently (83.9% every 2 months), compared to double purpose and beef cattle ranches (47.4% and 50% respectively) (P<0.0001). In the second chapter, the prevalence of primary venereal diseases was determined in preputial esmegma samples from 504 sires breeding at the farms scrutinized. The InPouch TF® culture plus PCR in the case of Tritrichomonas fetus, and direct Inmuno fluorescence for the diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis were used to diagnose these diseases. In both cases, the prevalence found was 0%. Consequently, no association was found with any variable studied. Therefore, it is concluded that, despite the existence in the farms of a series of risk factors for the transmission of venereal diseases, the presence of these agents in the bulls analyzed could not be confirmed.
The characterization of the bovine production systems, as well as its potential association with the bull’s prevalence of primary venereal diseases was carried out in 157 farms from the North Huetar and North Pacific area of Costa Rica (55.4% dairy, 24.2% double purpose and 20.4% beef farms). In the first chapter, it was found that the use of any type of productive record system was reported more frequently by dairy (95.4%), compared with other systems (86.8% and 81.3% respectively) (P=0.04). Beef cattle farms registered a greater use of weighing scale (65.6%), compared with the other systems (5.8% in dairy and 26.3% in double purpose) (P<0.0001). Natural mating was the most common breeding system used regardless the type of herd studied, being the continuous mating the common scheme (74.4%). In regard to the type of siring, the single one was the most frequently reported (61.8%) vs 36.4% in multiple. The bull breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) was practiced very seldom as part of the herd management (average 15.9%). However, beef cattle breeders reported to carry out this procedure more frequently, compared to dairy and dual purpose (46.9% vs. 4.7% and 16.2% respectively) (P<0.0001). Furthermore, only 49.7% of producers reported to request a BSE as a requisite for purchasing a bull. Dairy farms used the veterinary assistance more frequently (83.9% every 2 months), compared to double purpose and beef cattle ranches (47.4% and 50% respectively) (P<0.0001). In the second chapter, the prevalence of primary venereal diseases was determined in preputial esmegma samples from 504 sires breeding at the farms scrutinized. The InPouch TF® culture plus PCR in the case of Tritrichomonas fetus, and direct Inmuno fluorescence for the diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis were used to diagnose these diseases. In both cases, the prevalence found was 0%. Consequently, no association was found with any variable studied. Therefore, it is concluded that, despite the existence in the farms of a series of risk factors for the transmission of venereal diseases, the presence of these agents in the bulls analyzed could not be confirmed.
Descripción
Maestría en Producción Animal Sostenible
Palabras clave
GANADO BOVINO, REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL, SALUD ANIMAL, DESARROLLO BIOLOGICO, ENFERMEDADES DE LOS ANIMALES, COSTA RICA, REPRODUCTION ANIMAL, ANIMAL HEALTH, BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, CATTLE, ANIMAL DISEASES, ENFERMEDADES VENÉREAS PRIMARIAS