Diagnóstico de parásitos gastrointestinales en caninos y felinos: estudio retrospectivo en dos laboratorios veterinarios
Fecha
2009
Autores
Fernández Anchía, Laura
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar, por medio de un estudio retrospectivo, las
especies y la frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales (PGI) diagnosticados en caninos y
felinos en dos laboratorios de diagnóstico veterinario, los cuales reciben muestras referidas
por varias clínicas veterinarias del país, así como por el Hospital de Especies Menores de la
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional (EMV-UNA). Los datos fueron
recopilados de los expedientes referentes a los exámenes coproparasitológicos realizados en
cada uno de los laboratorios, en el período comprendido entre Julio del 2005 y Julio del
2007. Las especies de PGI diagnosticados, en caninos, en ambos laboratorios fueron:
Ancylostomatideos (19.4%), Giardia sp. (12.4%), Coccidios (9.2%), Trichuris vulpis (3.5%),
Toxocara canis (3.0%), Dypilidium caninum (0.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%),
Spirocerca lupi (0.2%), Spirometra mansoni (0.2%), Cystoisospora spp. (0.1%) y Sarcocystis
spp. (0.1%); mientras las especies diagnosticadas en felinos fueron: Coccidios (15.8%),
Giardia sp. (12.3%), Toxocara cati (3.5%) y Ancylostomatideos (1.8%). En el Laboratorio
A, los PGI identificados en los caninos fueron: Ancylostomatideos (30.5%), Coccidios
(9.3%), Trichuris vulpis (7.9%), Toxocara canis (5.7%), Giardia sp. (3.6%), Dipylidium
caninum (1.6%); Strongyloides stercoralis, Spirocerca lupi y Spirometra mansoni (0.5%);
Cystoisospora spp. y Sarcocystis spp. (0.2%); mientras que en los felinos lo fueron los
Ancylostomatideos (7.1%), T. cati (7.1%) y Coccidios (7.1%). Las especies diagnosticadas
en caninos, en el laboratorio B fueron: Giardia sp. (17.0%), Ancylostomatideos (13.7%),
Coccidios (9.1%), T. canis (1.6%), T. vulpis (1.2%) y D. caninum (0.6%); por su parte, las
especies diagnosticadas en felinos fueron: Coccidios (18.6%), Giardia sp. (16.3%) y
Toxocara cati (2.3%). En el laboratorio A se identificó más variedad de PGI en perros. En el
laboratorio A, los Ancylostomatideos fueron los PGI más frecuentes en caninos cachorros,
adultos y de edad no reportada; mientras que los Coccidios, Ancylostomatideos y T. cati lo
fueron en felinos adultos y de edad no reportada. A su vez, en el laboratorio B, Giardia sp.,
Ancylostomatideos y Coccidios fueron los PGI más frecuentes en caninos cachorros, adultos
y de edad no reportada; mientras que los Coccidios y Giardia sp. lo fueron en felinos
cachorros, adultos y de edad no reportada. En ambos laboratorios, las técnicas
coproparasitológicas de elección son la flotación (con solución de azúcar o de cloruro de
sodio) y la microscopía directa, con las cuales se logró detectar helmintos y protozoarios. Los
resultados obtenidos demuestran discrepancias en ambos laboratorios, lo que podría deberse a
diferencias en las técnicas coproparasitológicas utilizadas, el tipo de muestreo (muestras
únicas o seriadas) o a que se trataba de muestras diferentes. Por primera vez se reporta los
PGI de felinos domésticos en Costa Rica.
The main objective of this research is to determine, through a retrospective study, the species and the diagnosis of the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites. It was diagnosed in dogs and cats at two veterinary diagnostic laboratories which receive samples referred by several veterinary clinics throughout the country and from the Hospital of Minor Species (EMVUNA) as well. The data was collected from files referred to coproparasitologic tests processed on each laboratory, between July, 2005 and July, 2007. In both laboratories, the GIP species diagnosed in canines were: Ancylostomatidae (19.4%), Giardia sp. (12.4%), Coccidium (9.2%), Trichuris vulpis (3.5%), Toxocara canis (3.0%), Dypilidium caninum (0.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%), Spirocerca lupi (0.2%), Spirometra mansoni (0.2%), Cystoisospora spp. (0.1%) and Sarcocystis spp. (0.1%). The GIP species diagnosed in felines in both locations were: Coccidium (15.8%), Giardia sp. (12.3%), Toxocara cati (3.5%) and Ancylostomatidae (1.8%). At Laboratory A the GIP identified in dogs were: Ancylostomatidae (30.5%), Coccidium (9.3%), Trichuris vulpis (7.9%), Toxocara canis (5.7%), Giardia sp. (3.6%), Dipylidium caninum (1.6%); Strongyloides stercoralis, Spirocerca lupi and Spirometra mansoni (0.5%); Cystoisospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp. (0.2%); meanwhile in cats were Ancylostomatidae (7.1%), T. cati (7.1%) and Coccidium (7.1%). The GIP species diagnosed, in dogs at laboratory B were: Giardia sp. (17.0%), Ancylostomatidae (13.7%), Coccidium (9.1%), T. canis (1.6%), T. vulpis (1.2%) and D. caninum (0.6%); while the species diagnosed in felines were: Coccidium (18.6%), Giardia sp. (16.3%) and Toxocara cati (2.3%). Laboratory A provided a wider variety of GIP´s identified in dogs. The most frequent gastrointestinal parasite found in baby, adult and unspecified aged dogs was Ancylostomatidae at laboratory A. Meanwhile, Coccidium, Ancylostomatidae and T. cati were present on baby, adult and unspecified aged cats. As well on Laboratory B, Giardia sp., Ancylostomatidae and Coccidium were the most frequent finding in baby, adult and unspecified aged dogs. On the other hand, Coccidium and Giardia sp. were frequently reported for baby, adult and unspecified aged cats. In both laboratories, the coproparasitological techniques of choice were flotation (with sugar solution or sodium chloride) and direct microscopy. Both helminths and protozoa were detected there. The final results showed discrepancies between both laboratories, which could be due to the following: differences in the coproparasitological techniques used, the sampling rate (single or serial samples) or the fact that different samples were evaluated. Domestic feline GIP´s are reported for the first time in Costa Rica.
The main objective of this research is to determine, through a retrospective study, the species and the diagnosis of the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites. It was diagnosed in dogs and cats at two veterinary diagnostic laboratories which receive samples referred by several veterinary clinics throughout the country and from the Hospital of Minor Species (EMVUNA) as well. The data was collected from files referred to coproparasitologic tests processed on each laboratory, between July, 2005 and July, 2007. In both laboratories, the GIP species diagnosed in canines were: Ancylostomatidae (19.4%), Giardia sp. (12.4%), Coccidium (9.2%), Trichuris vulpis (3.5%), Toxocara canis (3.0%), Dypilidium caninum (0.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%), Spirocerca lupi (0.2%), Spirometra mansoni (0.2%), Cystoisospora spp. (0.1%) and Sarcocystis spp. (0.1%). The GIP species diagnosed in felines in both locations were: Coccidium (15.8%), Giardia sp. (12.3%), Toxocara cati (3.5%) and Ancylostomatidae (1.8%). At Laboratory A the GIP identified in dogs were: Ancylostomatidae (30.5%), Coccidium (9.3%), Trichuris vulpis (7.9%), Toxocara canis (5.7%), Giardia sp. (3.6%), Dipylidium caninum (1.6%); Strongyloides stercoralis, Spirocerca lupi and Spirometra mansoni (0.5%); Cystoisospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp. (0.2%); meanwhile in cats were Ancylostomatidae (7.1%), T. cati (7.1%) and Coccidium (7.1%). The GIP species diagnosed, in dogs at laboratory B were: Giardia sp. (17.0%), Ancylostomatidae (13.7%), Coccidium (9.1%), T. canis (1.6%), T. vulpis (1.2%) and D. caninum (0.6%); while the species diagnosed in felines were: Coccidium (18.6%), Giardia sp. (16.3%) and Toxocara cati (2.3%). Laboratory A provided a wider variety of GIP´s identified in dogs. The most frequent gastrointestinal parasite found in baby, adult and unspecified aged dogs was Ancylostomatidae at laboratory A. Meanwhile, Coccidium, Ancylostomatidae and T. cati were present on baby, adult and unspecified aged cats. As well on Laboratory B, Giardia sp., Ancylostomatidae and Coccidium were the most frequent finding in baby, adult and unspecified aged dogs. On the other hand, Coccidium and Giardia sp. were frequently reported for baby, adult and unspecified aged cats. In both laboratories, the coproparasitological techniques of choice were flotation (with sugar solution or sodium chloride) and direct microscopy. Both helminths and protozoa were detected there. The final results showed discrepancies between both laboratories, which could be due to the following: differences in the coproparasitological techniques used, the sampling rate (single or serial samples) or the fact that different samples were evaluated. Domestic feline GIP´s are reported for the first time in Costa Rica.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de graduación
Palabras clave
HOSPITAL VETERINARIO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL (COSTA RICA), DOG, GATO, PARASITES, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), GASTROENTEROLOGIA (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), CAT, PERRO, PARASITOS