Elementos de resistencia lingüística y sociocultural presentes en el espacio educativo pedagógico de centros educativos del circuito 02 del territorio Talamanca-Bribri y la relación con la cultura hegemónica desde un análisis intercultural crítico
Fecha
2020
Autores
Campos Centeno, Ana Isabel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y describir las estrategias de resistencia lingüística y socio-culturales del pueblo bribri en el contexto educativo de 8 instituciones educativas y sus poblaciones pertenecientes al circuito 02 de la Dirección Regional de Sulá en el territorio de Talamanca-Bribri en su relación con la cultura hegemónica. La investigación utiliza un modelo cualitativo mixto: el etnográfico y el de la teoría fundamentada. La principal técnica de recolección de datos es la entrevista abierta a profundidad a informantes claves, aunque las observaciones, cuestionarios abiertos y análisis documental también fueron utilizados. Los resultados indican que las formas de resistencia lingüística y socio-cultural utilizadas por del pueblo bribri en el contexto educativo han sido múltiples, unas tácitas, otras explicitas, fuertes e intencionadas, las cuales muestran variaciones de acuerdo con la forma en que han sido exigidas por la cultura hegemónica a través del tiempo. En un primer momento, las resistencias encontradas responden ante un escenario hegemónico coercitivo y de dominación durante los años sesenta y setenta inclusive. En un segundo escenario, las resistencias responden a formas más sutiles de hegemonía, por cuanto la resistencia indígena y las luchas sociales logran ganar mayores espacios de poder en el ámbito educativo, con presencia de docentes indígenas y con mayor libertad para el uso del idioma y las prácticas culturales. Sobresale la familia, los Awas o mayores y primordialmente la mujer, en la primera línea de defensa del idioma y las prácticas culturales bribris. En años recientes, la resistencia indígena ha ganado espacios de poder en el contexto escolar con presencia mayoritaria de docentes indígenas en las aulas, una Dirección Regional Indígena e iniciativas educativas a nivel institucional con carácter anti-hegemónico. El estudio también identifica áreas específicas del espacio escolar donde predomina la cultura hegemónica y los centros educativos donde la cultura hegemónica ha incidido en el debilitamiento del idioma y las prácticas culturales. La resistencia lingüística y cultural del pueblo bribri representa su voluntad inquebrantable de seguir ocupando un espacio vital en la acuarela de voces y cosmovisiones que nos constituyen como especie humana.
The objective of this research is to identify and describe the strategies of linguistic and socio-cultural resistance of the Bribri people in the educational context of 8 educational institutions and their populations belonging to circuit 02 of the Regional Directorate of Sula in the Talamanca-Bribri territory in their relationship with the hegemonic culture. The research uses a mixed qualitative model: ethnographic and grounded theory. The main data collection technique is the open in-depth interview with key informants, although observations, open-ended questionnaires and documentary analysis were also used. The results indicate that the forms of linguistic and socio-cultural resistance used by the Bribri people in the educational context have been multiple, some tacit, others explicit, strong and intentional, which show variations according to the way they have been demanded by the hegemonic culture over time. In a first moment, the resistances encountered respond to a coercive and domination hegemonic scenario during the sixties and seventies inclusive. In a second scenario, the resistances respond to more subtle forms of hegemony, as indigenous resistance and social struggles manage to gain greater spaces of power in the educational sphere, with the presence of indigenous teachers and with greater freedom for the use of language and cultural practices. The family, the Awas or elders, and primarily women, stand out in the first line of defense of the Bribri language and cultural practices. In recent years, indigenous resistance has gained spaces of power in the school context with the presence of a majority of indigenous teachers in the classrooms, a Regional Indigenous Directorate and educational initiatives at the institutional level with an anti-hegemonic character. The study also identifies specific areas of the school space where the hegemonic culture predominates and educational centers where the hegemonic culture has had an impact on the weakening of language and cultural practices. The linguistic and cultural resistance of the Bribri people represents their unwavering will to continue occupying a vital space in the watercolor of voices and cosmovisions that constitute us as a human species.
The objective of this research is to identify and describe the strategies of linguistic and socio-cultural resistance of the Bribri people in the educational context of 8 educational institutions and their populations belonging to circuit 02 of the Regional Directorate of Sula in the Talamanca-Bribri territory in their relationship with the hegemonic culture. The research uses a mixed qualitative model: ethnographic and grounded theory. The main data collection technique is the open in-depth interview with key informants, although observations, open-ended questionnaires and documentary analysis were also used. The results indicate that the forms of linguistic and socio-cultural resistance used by the Bribri people in the educational context have been multiple, some tacit, others explicit, strong and intentional, which show variations according to the way they have been demanded by the hegemonic culture over time. In a first moment, the resistances encountered respond to a coercive and domination hegemonic scenario during the sixties and seventies inclusive. In a second scenario, the resistances respond to more subtle forms of hegemony, as indigenous resistance and social struggles manage to gain greater spaces of power in the educational sphere, with the presence of indigenous teachers and with greater freedom for the use of language and cultural practices. The family, the Awas or elders, and primarily women, stand out in the first line of defense of the Bribri language and cultural practices. In recent years, indigenous resistance has gained spaces of power in the school context with the presence of a majority of indigenous teachers in the classrooms, a Regional Indigenous Directorate and educational initiatives at the institutional level with an anti-hegemonic character. The study also identifies specific areas of the school space where the hegemonic culture predominates and educational centers where the hegemonic culture has had an impact on the weakening of language and cultural practices. The linguistic and cultural resistance of the Bribri people represents their unwavering will to continue occupying a vital space in the watercolor of voices and cosmovisions that constitute us as a human species.
Descripción
Doctorado en Estudios Latinoamericanos con énfasis en pensamiento latinoamericano
Palabras clave
CONFLICTOS SOCIALES, BRIBRI (LENGUA), CULTURA TRADICIONAL, BRIBRIS (PUEBLO INDÍGENA CENTROAMERICANO), LINGÜÍSTICA, COSTUMBRES Y TRADICIONES, TALAMANCA (LIMÓN), SOCIAL CONFLICTS, BRIBRI (LANGUAGE), TRADITIONAL CULTURE, BRIBRI (CENTRAL AMERICAN INDIGENOUS PEOPLE), LINGUISTICS, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS, TALAMANCA (LEMON)