El derecho humano al ocio de las mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses trabajadoras domésticas
Fecha
2008
Autores
Cascante Vallejos, Arlin
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En los últimos años Costa Rica ha tenido un aumento progresivo de inmigrantes nicaragüense por lo que esta temática merece de una reflexión profunda sobre las condiciones de vida de las mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses y su vivencia del Derecho Humano al Ocio, tomando en cuenta, las luchas que han emprendido las mujeres trabajadoras desde diferentes organizaciones para reclamar por su derecho al descanso y a una jornada laboral equitativa. Con el presente trabajo de investigación, se desea hacer visibles situaciones que vivencian desde su cotidianeidad las mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses trabajadoras en Costa Rica, en relación con el cumplimiento a su Derecho Humano al Ocio. Siendo el reconocer que el ocio centra sus vertientes en aspectos esenciales de la persona humana como lo son: la dignidad y el ejercicio de su libertad, entendiendo esto, como las capacidades de las mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses para elegir, expresarse y autorrealizarse en condiciones equidad. Es por lo anterior que se desea responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo vivencian su Derecho Humano al Ocio las mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses que pertenecen a la Asociación de Trabajadoras Domésticas (ASTRADOMES)? Como punto de partida se plantea, en el Capítulo I la visión general del tema, tomando en cuenta los antecedentes, estado de la cuestión, la justificación de esta investigación y su pertinencia con los Derechos Humanos y la educación para la paz. Además, en este apartado se plantea el problema, su importancia, los objetivos, alcances y limitaciones que se presentaron a lo largo del proceso de investigación. En el Capítulo ll se rescatan los elementos teóricos conceptuales relacionados con la migración, género, el trabajo remunerado y el no remunerado, ocio, el derecho humano al ocio, sus dimensiones, las barreras que limitan el cumplimiento de este derecho, así como los Instrumentos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos que dan sustento a la importancia del Derecho al Ocio en la vida de los seres humanos. Estos aspectos mencionados dan fundamento al desarrollo y análisis del trabajo de campo. En el Capítulo III se expone el marco metodológico, donde es necesario mencionar que esta investigación se aborda el modelo de enfoque cualitativo dominante, en el cual, tanto el enfoque cualitativo como el cuantitativo son complementarios brindando una explicación de los hechos como una comprensión estos. Por lo que se aplica un cuestionario, se llevan cabo entrevistas abiertas y se realizan observaciones participantes, con el objetivo de recopilar información que dé respuestas a la interrogante planteada. Seguidamente en el Capítulo IV, se realiza el análisis crítico de la información obtenida, estudiando cómo viven desde su cotidianeidad su derecho humano al ocio, fundamental para su calidad de vida, autorrealización y desarrollo humano, identificando qué piensan sobre su derecho al ocio, describiendo las formas en las que disfrutan el ocio en un país ajeno al suyo, por lo que se vuelve esencial en esta etapa identificar las barreras del ocio tomando en cuenta su condición de mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses trabajadoras domésticas. Finalmente, en el Capítulo V, se plantean las principales conclusiones y las recomendaciones a diferentes instancias para promover el cumplimiento pleno del Derecho Humano de las mujeres inmigrantes nicaragüenses que trabajan como servidoras domésticas en Costa Rica.
In recent years, Costa Rica has had a progressive increase in Nicaraguan immigrants, so this issue deserves a deep reflection on the living conditions of Nicaraguan immigrant women and their experience of the Human Right to Leisure, taking into account the struggles that Women workers from different organizations have undertaken to demand their right to rest and to a fair working day. With this research work, we want to make visible situations that Nicaraguan immigrant women workers in Costa Rica experience from their daily lives, in relation to the fulfillment of their Human Right to Leisure. Being the recognition that leisure focuses its aspects on essential aspects of the human person such as: dignity and the exercise of their freedom, understanding this as the capacities of Nicaraguan immigrant women to choose, express themselves and self-fulfillment in equitable conditions. It is because of the above that we wish to answer the following question: How do Nicaraguan immigrant women who belong to the Association of Domestic Workers (ASTRADOMES) experience their Human Right to Leisure? As a starting point, in Chapter I the general vision of the subject is proposed, taking into account the antecedents, state of the matter, the justification of this research and its relevance to Human Rights and education for peace. In addition, this section presents the problem, its importance, the objectives, scope and limitations that arose throughout the research process. In Chapter II, the conceptual theoretical elements related to migration, gender, paid and unpaid work, leisure, the human right to leisure, its dimensions, the barriers that limit the fulfillment of this right, as well as the Instruments Human Rights Internationals that support the importance of the Right to Leisure in the lives of human beings. These aspects mentioned provide the basis for the development and analysis of the field work. In Chapter III, the methodological framework is exposed, where it is necessary to mention that this research addresses the dominant qualitative approach model, in which both the qualitative and quantitative approaches are complementary, providing an explanation of the facts and an understanding of them. Therefore, a questionnaire is applied, open interviews are carried out and participant observations are made, with the aim of collecting information that gives answers to the question posed. Then in Chapter IV, a critical analysis of the information obtained is carried out, studying how they live their human right to leisure from their daily lives, fundamental for their quality of life, self-realization and human development, identifying what they think about their right to leisure, describing the ways in which they enjoy leisure in a country other than their own, so it becomes essential at this stage to identify the barriers to leisure taking into account their status as Nicaraguan immigrant women domestic workers. Finally, in Chapter V, the main conclusions and recommendations are presented to different instances to promote full compliance with the Human Right of Nicaraguan immigrant women who work as domestic servants in Costa Rica.
In recent years, Costa Rica has had a progressive increase in Nicaraguan immigrants, so this issue deserves a deep reflection on the living conditions of Nicaraguan immigrant women and their experience of the Human Right to Leisure, taking into account the struggles that Women workers from different organizations have undertaken to demand their right to rest and to a fair working day. With this research work, we want to make visible situations that Nicaraguan immigrant women workers in Costa Rica experience from their daily lives, in relation to the fulfillment of their Human Right to Leisure. Being the recognition that leisure focuses its aspects on essential aspects of the human person such as: dignity and the exercise of their freedom, understanding this as the capacities of Nicaraguan immigrant women to choose, express themselves and self-fulfillment in equitable conditions. It is because of the above that we wish to answer the following question: How do Nicaraguan immigrant women who belong to the Association of Domestic Workers (ASTRADOMES) experience their Human Right to Leisure? As a starting point, in Chapter I the general vision of the subject is proposed, taking into account the antecedents, state of the matter, the justification of this research and its relevance to Human Rights and education for peace. In addition, this section presents the problem, its importance, the objectives, scope and limitations that arose throughout the research process. In Chapter II, the conceptual theoretical elements related to migration, gender, paid and unpaid work, leisure, the human right to leisure, its dimensions, the barriers that limit the fulfillment of this right, as well as the Instruments Human Rights Internationals that support the importance of the Right to Leisure in the lives of human beings. These aspects mentioned provide the basis for the development and analysis of the field work. In Chapter III, the methodological framework is exposed, where it is necessary to mention that this research addresses the dominant qualitative approach model, in which both the qualitative and quantitative approaches are complementary, providing an explanation of the facts and an understanding of them. Therefore, a questionnaire is applied, open interviews are carried out and participant observations are made, with the aim of collecting information that gives answers to the question posed. Then in Chapter IV, a critical analysis of the information obtained is carried out, studying how they live their human right to leisure from their daily lives, fundamental for their quality of life, self-realization and human development, identifying what they think about their right to leisure, describing the ways in which they enjoy leisure in a country other than their own, so it becomes essential at this stage to identify the barriers to leisure taking into account their status as Nicaraguan immigrant women domestic workers. Finally, in Chapter V, the main conclusions and recommendations are presented to different instances to promote full compliance with the Human Right of Nicaraguan immigrant women who work as domestic servants in Costa Rica.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, DERECHOS HUMANOS, TRABAJADORAS, CALIDAD DE VIDA, OCIO, EMPLEADAS DOMÉSTICAS, MIGRACIÓN, NICARAGUA, HIGHER EDUCATION, HUMAN RIGHTS, WORKERS, QUALITY OF LIFE, LEISURE, DOMESTIC EMPLOYEES, MIGRATION