Implementación de un método alternativo no invasivo para el diagnóstico hiperadrenocorticismo canino mediante la cuantificación de cortisol en el pelo
Fecha
2019-03-06
Autores
López Fonseca, Hillary
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
El hiperadrenocorticismo canino es una condición patológica asociada con la
exposición crónica a concentraciones excesivas de glucocorticoides, en este caso cortisol. El
diagnóstico de esta condición requiere determinar concentraciones de cortisol, cuya medición
se realiza principalmente en suero; sin embargo, en la actualidad se han desarrollado técnicas
novedosas que facilitan el uso de otras matrices, como el pelo.
El objetivo de este proyecto fue implementar un protocolo de extracción de cortisol a
partir del pelo de caninos y medirlo mediante un inmunoensayo enzimático, para
eventualmente emplear la técnica en el diagnóstico de hiperadrenocorticismo canino. Además
se determinaron valores de cortisol en el pelo de caninos sanos y en caninos con
hiperadrenocorticismo en nuestro medio.
Se colectó pelo y suero de 21 perros sanos y 21 perros con hiperadrenocorticismo; la
mayoría de ellos fueron atendidos en la Clínica Veterinaria Pet Center, ubicada en Moravia.
Posterior a la validación de la técnica de extracción y medición de cortisol en el pelo,
se realizó el mismo procedimiento a las muestras de los caninos y se obtuvo una concentración
media corregida de 0,35 ± 0,58 µg/dL para los caninos sanos y 0,46 ± 3,14 µg/dL para los
caninos enfermos.
Se realizó una prueba T Student para medias independientes y se determinó que existe
una diferencia de concentraciones entre ambos grupos, pero no fue estadísticamente
significativa (p = 0,365). A su vez, se calculó el estadístico Rho de Spearman y se determinó
que no existe correlación entre las concentraciones de cortisol sérico y el cortisol en pelo.
La técnica de extracción de cortisol en pelo es viable; los resultados obtenidos
demostraron que la técnica en sí es confiable y que el cortisol en pelo canino es cuantificable
por medio de métodos analíticos apropiados, pero requiere más estudio con el fin de
determinar su utilidad como técnica de diagnóstico para la enfermedad en caninos.
Hyperadrenocorticism in dogs is a condition associated with a chronic exposure to excessive glucocorticoids, specifically cortisol. Diagnosing this condition requires a measurement of cortisol levels. This test is usually performed in serum and requires suppression or stimulation tests; however, newer techniques have recently involved other matrices such as hair. The objective of this project was to employ a protocol for cortisol extraction using dog’s hair, measuring it through an enzyme immunoassay and evaluating its potential use on the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs, by establishing cortisol levels on healthy dogs and those with hyperadrenocorticism. Serum and hair samples were collected from 21 healthy dogs and 21 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. Most of these dogs were treated at the Clínica Veterinaria Pet Center, located in Moravia. After validating the hair screening technique and measuring hair cortisol, the same procedure was employed on the dog samples. As a result, a median corrected concentration of 0,35 ± 0,58 µg/dL was determined in healthy dogs, and 0,46 ± 3,14 µg/dL in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. A Student's t-test for independent samples was performed, resulting on a difference of concentrations between the two groups; although they were not significant (p = 0,365). Likewise, a Spearman's rho was calculated, and it was determined that there is no correlation between serum and hair cortisol concentrations. Employing cortisol extraction protocols is feasible. The obtained results proved that the technique can be trusted and that the cortisol found in dog's hair can be measured through appropriate analytics methods. However, additional research is required in order to determine its diagnostic utility for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.
Hyperadrenocorticism in dogs is a condition associated with a chronic exposure to excessive glucocorticoids, specifically cortisol. Diagnosing this condition requires a measurement of cortisol levels. This test is usually performed in serum and requires suppression or stimulation tests; however, newer techniques have recently involved other matrices such as hair. The objective of this project was to employ a protocol for cortisol extraction using dog’s hair, measuring it through an enzyme immunoassay and evaluating its potential use on the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs, by establishing cortisol levels on healthy dogs and those with hyperadrenocorticism. Serum and hair samples were collected from 21 healthy dogs and 21 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. Most of these dogs were treated at the Clínica Veterinaria Pet Center, located in Moravia. After validating the hair screening technique and measuring hair cortisol, the same procedure was employed on the dog samples. As a result, a median corrected concentration of 0,35 ± 0,58 µg/dL was determined in healthy dogs, and 0,46 ± 3,14 µg/dL in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. A Student's t-test for independent samples was performed, resulting on a difference of concentrations between the two groups; although they were not significant (p = 0,365). Likewise, a Spearman's rho was calculated, and it was determined that there is no correlation between serum and hair cortisol concentrations. Employing cortisol extraction protocols is feasible. The obtained results proved that the technique can be trusted and that the cortisol found in dog's hair can be measured through appropriate analytics methods. However, additional research is required in order to determine its diagnostic utility for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de graduación
Palabras clave
PERRO, ENFERMEDADES DE LOS ANIMALES, ENFERMEDADES CANINAS, INVESTIGACIÓN MÉDICA, PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), PELO