Determinación de perfiles de sensibilidad a antibióticos en bacterias del género Campylobacter spp. aisladas de pollo de engorde en tres puntos de la cadena avícola en Costa Rica
Fecha
2018-12
Autores
Lazo Lázcarez, Katherine Sabrine
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
Campylobacter spp. es considerada la causa bacteriana más común de gastroenteritis humana,
una de las cuatro principales causas de enfermedad diarreica a nivel mundial, y uno de los
principales patógenos transmitidos por alimentos causantes de hospitalizaciones y muertes. En
el año 2017, la Organización Mundial de Salud publicó la primera lista de patógenos prioritarios
resistentes a los antibióticos, declarando a Campylobacter como un microorganismo de
prioridad elevada.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los perfiles de sensibilidad a seis antibióticos
en cepas de Campylobacter spp. aisladas de pollo de engorde en tres puntos de la cadena de
producción avícola, en Costa Rica. Un total de 148 cepas aisladas de pollo procedente de
granjas, plantas de proceso y puntos de venta ubicados en las diferentes provincias del país
fueron analizadas. Un ensayo de dilución en agar fue utilizado para determinar la CMI y los
perfiles de sensibilidad de las cepas a seis antibióticos: doxiciclina, ciprofloxacina, ácido
nalidíxico, enrofloxacina, cloranfenicol y eritromicina.
Aproximadamente el 92% (136/148) de las cepas analizadas mostró no susceptibilidad a alguno
de los antibióticos en estudio. El ácido nalidíxico, la ciprofloxacina y la enrofloxacina,
antibióticos del grupo de las quinolonas, presentaron no susceptibilidad con mayor frecuencia
(91,22%, 85,81% y 85,81%, respectivamente); seguidos por la doxiciclina (25,00%), el
cloranfenicol (5,41%) y la eritromicina (2,70%). El perfil de resistencia más comúnmente
hallado fue el de no susceptibilidad únicamente a las quinolonas, y solamente un 2,03% de los
aislamientos mostró no susceptibilidad a quinolonas y macrólidos de manera simultánea. No se
halló ninguna cepa multirresistente.
Campylobacter spp. is considered the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis, one of the four main causes of diarrheal disease worldwide, and one of the main foodborne pathogens causing hospitalizations and deaths. In 2017, the World Health Organization published the first list of priority pathogens resistant to antibiotics, declaring Campylobacter as a high priority microorganism. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles to six antibiotics in strains of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chicken in three points of the poultry production chain, in Costa Rica. A total of 148 isolated strains of chicken from farms, processing plants and retail meat from different provinces of Costa Rica were analyzed. An agar dilution test was used to determine the MIC and resistance profiles profiles of the strains against six antibiotics including doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Around 92% (136/148) of analyzed strains showed no susceptibility to the tested antibiotics. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, quinolone antimicrobials, were the antibiotics for which non-susceptibility occurred more frequently (91.22%, 85.81% and 85.81%, respectively); followed by doxycycline (25%), chloramphenicol (5.41%) and erythromycin (2.70%). The unique profile conferring only non-susceptibility to quinolones was the most commonly found in this study, and only 2.03% of the isolates showed no susceptibility to quinolones and macrolides simultaneously. No multiresistant strain was found.
Campylobacter spp. is considered the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis, one of the four main causes of diarrheal disease worldwide, and one of the main foodborne pathogens causing hospitalizations and deaths. In 2017, the World Health Organization published the first list of priority pathogens resistant to antibiotics, declaring Campylobacter as a high priority microorganism. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles to six antibiotics in strains of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chicken in three points of the poultry production chain, in Costa Rica. A total of 148 isolated strains of chicken from farms, processing plants and retail meat from different provinces of Costa Rica were analyzed. An agar dilution test was used to determine the MIC and resistance profiles profiles of the strains against six antibiotics including doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Around 92% (136/148) of analyzed strains showed no susceptibility to the tested antibiotics. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, quinolone antimicrobials, were the antibiotics for which non-susceptibility occurred more frequently (91.22%, 85.81% and 85.81%, respectively); followed by doxycycline (25%), chloramphenicol (5.41%) and erythromycin (2.70%). The unique profile conferring only non-susceptibility to quinolones was the most commonly found in this study, and only 2.03% of the isolates showed no susceptibility to quinolones and macrolides simultaneously. No multiresistant strain was found.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis de grado
Palabras clave
POLLOS DE ENGORDE, CAMPYLOBACTER, INDUSTRIA DE LA CARNE, HIGIENE DE LOS ALIMENTOS, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), ANTIBIOTICOS, SALUD PÚBLICA, COSTA RICA