Diplomacia Pública Digital : el contexto iberoamericano
Archivos
Fecha
2018
Autores
Cull, Nicholas
Ramos Cardoso, Alejandro
Espinoza Castillo, Luz Mariana
Manfredi-Sánchez, Juan Luis
Rubio Núñez, Rafael
Elórtegui, Claudio
Milies Valdivia, Ignacio
Salinas Cañas, Sergio
Hernández Garza, María Fernanda
Peron Vieira, Vivian
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este libro está dividido en tres partes, y comprende nueve
capítulos que buscan narrar y analizar, desde la óptica local,
cómo la Cancillería de cada respectivo país ha incluido el
uso de redes sociales y de herramientas propias de internet
en el contexto de la globalización para insertarse en el
nuevo paradigma de la diplomacia del siglo XXI, teniendo
en consideración el contexto geopolítico del Estado en
el que se desarrolla el cambio hacia la diplomacia pública
digital. Al aportar a través la descripción y la explicación de
las nuevas tendencias en la diplomacia pública digital que
cada Estado ha adoptado, se discute sobre los obstáculos
institucionales y culturales que han enfrentado para
implementar estrategias en esta área, ilustrando aciertos y
desaciertos, y proponiendo nuevos esfuerzos para mejorar
la diplomacia pública digital a la luz del referente digital y
teniendo en cuenta la tensión que genera en la instituciones
encargadas de la política exterior de cada país. En la primera parte se aborda la diplomacia pública digital
institucionalizada a través de los capítulos redactados por
Alejandro Ramos y Luz Mariana Espinoza (ambos de la
Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México), quienes
hacen referencia al caso de México, resaltando el uso
sistemático y con una ‘infraestructura’ de la diplomacia
pública digital, especialmente en un Estado con uno de los
sistemas consulares más grandes del mundo. En seguida, en
el caso de Ecuador, a cargo de Claudio Elórtegui e Ignacio
Milies (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso),
explican la coordinación que se estableció en el uso de
Twitter por parte del excanciller Patiño y el expresidente
Correa a partir del análisis de contenido de los tuits de Patiño
y la relación de estos a las directrices del gobierno de Correa
y Ecuador. Por último, esta sección cierra con el capítulo
encomendado a Rafael Rubio (Universidad Complutense de
Madrid) y Juan Luis Manfredi (Universidad de Castilla-La
Mancha), donde el público lector se podrá introducir al caso español, con énfasis en el modelo institucional y su reciente
desarrollo, que propone una mayor interlocución con las
audiencias digitales, con un fuerte protagonismo basado en
las comunicaciones. La segunda parte presenta los casos de Venezuela y
Argentina, que reflejan la diplomacia digital personalizada
en Iberoamérica. El primer capítulo corresponde a Sergio
Salinas (Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos de la
Universidad de Chile), quien expone el uso que Venezuela
le da a Twitter, especialmente en la comunicación de su
mensaje propagandístico, lo cual deja en evidencia las
tensiones conceptuales entre la diplomacia pública y la
propaganda internacional. Por su parte, el capítulo sobre
Argentina está a cargo de Matthias Erlandsen (Magíster
en Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile)
y de María Fernanda Hernández (estudiante de doctorado
en Ciencia Política de la Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile), quienes toman la imagen generada por la
expresidenta argentina Cristina Fernández para explicar el
uso las plataformas sociales en el manejo de su imagen de
líder online 24/7.
La tercera parte abarca tres casos de estudio que, tal como
se ha mencionado, no caben en las clasificaciones estrictas
propuestas en las dos primeras dos secciones del libro. En el
primer capítulo de esta sección, los investigadores brasileños
Vivian Peron (Centro de Comunicación, Tecnología y Política
de la Universidad de Brasilia) y Sivaldo Pereira da Silva
(Escuela de Comunicaciones de la Universidad de Brasilia),
analizan el proceso de juicio político de la expresidenta
Dilma Rousseff. Luego, los chilenos Miguel Ángel López
y Daniel Aguirre (Instituto de Estudios Internacionales y
la Universidad de Chile) examinan la crisis diplomática
entre Chile y Bolivia, reflejada a través de los mensajes del
presidente Evo Morales y de las cuentas institucionales de
ambos países por medio de Twitter, durante las recientes
demandas interpuestas ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia
en La Haya. Finalmente, el caso costarricense de diplomacia pública digital es abordado por Rosmery Hernández y Marco
Méndez-Coto (Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales de la
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica). Hernández y Méndez-
Coto sostienen la necesidad de una planificación estratégica
de mayor complejidad cultural aplicada a la diplomacia
pública digital, especialmente al evidenciarse la existencia
de cuentas en varias plataformas en línea. Concluyen que
dichas cuentas se enfocan en brindar información, más que
en establecer un ambiente de comunidad o, propiamente
tal, de diálogo con públicos externos, algo esencial en la
diplomacia pública digital del XXI.
En conclusión, la obra que se presenta aborda una temática
actual que, al entender del equipo editor, no se ha estudiado
de forma sistemática ni ofrecido en un formato compilado
como la actual. Si bien, este libro es una primera aproximación
en el idioma español, ciertamente artículos y estudios
referente la diplomacia en general, la diplomacia pública y
la diplomacia digital, existen; pero nuestra impresión es que
la contribución de este texto es sencillamente el propiciar
un diálogo interdisciplinario y práctico sobre el ejercicio
de la diplomacia en nuestra era. Nuestra expectativa final
es despertar mayor interés en un campo de estudio nuevo
y sugerente, el cual, sin darnos mayor cuenta, crece
mutuamente, a veces en sintonía (y a veces no), con el
avance de la tecnología.
This book is divided into three parts, and comprises nine chapters that seek to narrate and analyze, from the local perspective, how the Foreign Ministry of each respective country has included the use of social networks and own internet tools in the context of globalization to be inserted in the new paradigm of 21st century diplomacy, having considering the geopolitical context of the State in the one developing the shift towards public diplomacy digital. By providing through the description and explanation of new trends in digital public diplomacy that each State has adopted, the obstacles are discussed institutional and cultural institutions that have faced implement strategies in this area, illustrating successes and mistakes, and proposing new efforts to improve digital public diplomacy in light of the digital benchmark and taking into account the tension generated in the institutions in charge of the foreign policy of each country. The first part addresses digital public diplomacy institutionalized through the chapters written by Alejandro Ramos and Luz Mariana Espinoza (both from the Secretariat of Foreign Relations of Mexico), who refer to the case of Mexico, highlighting the use systematic and with an ‘infrastructure’ of diplomacy digital public, especially in a State with one of the largest consular systems in the world. Then in the case of Ecuador, by Claudio Elórtegui and Ignacio Milies (Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso), explain the coordination that was established in the use of Twitter by former Foreign Minister Patiño and the former president Correa from the content analysis of Patiño's tweets and their relationship to the Correa government directives and Ecuador. Finally, this section closes with the chapter entrusted to Rafael Rubio (Complutense University of Madrid) and Juan Luis Manfredi (University of Castilla-La Mancha), where the reading public may be introduced to the Spanish case, with emphasis on the institutional model and its recent development, which proposes greater dialogue with digital audiences, with a strong role based on the comunications. The second part presents the cases of Venezuela and Argentina, which reflect personalized digital diplomacy in Latin America. The first chapter corresponds to Sergio Salinas (Doctor in Latin American Studies from the University of Chile), who exposes the use that Venezuela gives Twitter, especially in the communication of its propaganda message, which highlights the conceptual tensions between public diplomacy and international propaganda. For its part, the chapter on Argentina is in charge of Matthias Erlandsen (Master in International Studies from the University of Chile) and María Fernanda Hernández (PhD student in Political Science from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Chile), who take the image generated by the Former Argentine President Cristina Fernández to explain the use social platforms in managing your image of 24/7 online leader. The third part covers three case studies that, as mentioned, they don't fit into the strict classifications proposed in the first two sections of the book. In the first chapter of this section, Brazilian researchers Vivian Peron (Center for Communication, Technology and Politics from the University of Brasilia) and Sivaldo Pereira da Silva (School of Communications of the University of Brasilia), They analyze the impeachment process of the former president Dilma Rousseff. Then, the Chileans Miguel Ángel López and Daniel Aguirre (Institute of International Studies and the University of Chile) examine the diplomatic crisis between Chile and Bolivia, reflected through the messages of the President Evo Morales and the institutional accounts of both countries through Twitter, during the recent lawsuits filed before the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Finally, the Costa Rican case of digital public diplomacy is addressed by Rosmery Hernández and Marco Méndez-Coto (School of International Relations of the National University of Costa Rica). Hernández and Méndez- Coto argue the need for strategic planning of greater cultural complexity applied to diplomacy digital public, especially when the existence of accounts on various online platforms. They conclude that These accounts are focused on providing information, rather than in establishing a community atmosphere or, properly such, dialogue with external audiences, something essential in the Digital Public Diplomacy of the XXI. In conclusion, the work presented addresses a theme current that, as understood by the editorial team, has not been studied systematically or offered in a compiled format like the current one. Although, this book is a first approximation in the Spanish language, certainly articles and studies regarding diplomacy in general, public diplomacy and digital diplomacy, they exist; but our impression is that the contribution of this text is simply to promote an interdisciplinary and practical dialogue on exercise of diplomacy in our era. Our final expectation is to awaken greater interest in a new field of study and suggestive, which, without realizing it, grows mutually, sometimes in tune (and sometimes not), with the advancement of technology.
This book is divided into three parts, and comprises nine chapters that seek to narrate and analyze, from the local perspective, how the Foreign Ministry of each respective country has included the use of social networks and own internet tools in the context of globalization to be inserted in the new paradigm of 21st century diplomacy, having considering the geopolitical context of the State in the one developing the shift towards public diplomacy digital. By providing through the description and explanation of new trends in digital public diplomacy that each State has adopted, the obstacles are discussed institutional and cultural institutions that have faced implement strategies in this area, illustrating successes and mistakes, and proposing new efforts to improve digital public diplomacy in light of the digital benchmark and taking into account the tension generated in the institutions in charge of the foreign policy of each country. The first part addresses digital public diplomacy institutionalized through the chapters written by Alejandro Ramos and Luz Mariana Espinoza (both from the Secretariat of Foreign Relations of Mexico), who refer to the case of Mexico, highlighting the use systematic and with an ‘infrastructure’ of diplomacy digital public, especially in a State with one of the largest consular systems in the world. Then in the case of Ecuador, by Claudio Elórtegui and Ignacio Milies (Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso), explain the coordination that was established in the use of Twitter by former Foreign Minister Patiño and the former president Correa from the content analysis of Patiño's tweets and their relationship to the Correa government directives and Ecuador. Finally, this section closes with the chapter entrusted to Rafael Rubio (Complutense University of Madrid) and Juan Luis Manfredi (University of Castilla-La Mancha), where the reading public may be introduced to the Spanish case, with emphasis on the institutional model and its recent development, which proposes greater dialogue with digital audiences, with a strong role based on the comunications. The second part presents the cases of Venezuela and Argentina, which reflect personalized digital diplomacy in Latin America. The first chapter corresponds to Sergio Salinas (Doctor in Latin American Studies from the University of Chile), who exposes the use that Venezuela gives Twitter, especially in the communication of its propaganda message, which highlights the conceptual tensions between public diplomacy and international propaganda. For its part, the chapter on Argentina is in charge of Matthias Erlandsen (Master in International Studies from the University of Chile) and María Fernanda Hernández (PhD student in Political Science from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Chile), who take the image generated by the Former Argentine President Cristina Fernández to explain the use social platforms in managing your image of 24/7 online leader. The third part covers three case studies that, as mentioned, they don't fit into the strict classifications proposed in the first two sections of the book. In the first chapter of this section, Brazilian researchers Vivian Peron (Center for Communication, Technology and Politics from the University of Brasilia) and Sivaldo Pereira da Silva (School of Communications of the University of Brasilia), They analyze the impeachment process of the former president Dilma Rousseff. Then, the Chileans Miguel Ángel López and Daniel Aguirre (Institute of International Studies and the University of Chile) examine the diplomatic crisis between Chile and Bolivia, reflected through the messages of the President Evo Morales and the institutional accounts of both countries through Twitter, during the recent lawsuits filed before the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Finally, the Costa Rican case of digital public diplomacy is addressed by Rosmery Hernández and Marco Méndez-Coto (School of International Relations of the National University of Costa Rica). Hernández and Méndez- Coto argue the need for strategic planning of greater cultural complexity applied to diplomacy digital public, especially when the existence of accounts on various online platforms. They conclude that These accounts are focused on providing information, rather than in establishing a community atmosphere or, properly such, dialogue with external audiences, something essential in the Digital Public Diplomacy of the XXI. In conclusion, the work presented addresses a theme current that, as understood by the editorial team, has not been studied systematically or offered in a compiled format like the current one. Although, this book is a first approximation in the Spanish language, certainly articles and studies regarding diplomacy in general, public diplomacy and digital diplomacy, they exist; but our impression is that the contribution of this text is simply to promote an interdisciplinary and practical dialogue on exercise of diplomacy in our era. Our final expectation is to awaken greater interest in a new field of study and suggestive, which, without realizing it, grows mutually, sometimes in tune (and sometimes not), with the advancement of technology.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AMÉRICA LATINA, ARGENTINA, DIPLOMACIA, ESPAÑA, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, REDES SOCIALES EN LÍNEA, TWITTER, VENEZUELA, CASE STUDIES, DIPLOMACY, LATIN AMERICA, ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS