Inspección veterinaria de la carne de pollo para consumo humano en diferentes puntos de la cadena de producción
Fecha
2016
Autores
Jiménez Mora, Mónica
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En un mundo tan tecnificado y globalizado, en donde las máquinas procesan
miles de canales de animales por día, y en donde existe una red comercial bastante
amplia, surge la necesidad de monitorear los procesos con el fin de procurar la
inocuidad del producto que llega al consumidor.
El papel del Médico Veterinario en la inocuidad alimentaria es imprescindible,
tanto mediante la inspección en cada punto de la cadena de producción, como en la
investigación. Deficiencias en la limpieza y desinfección, así como el incumplimiento
de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura o de Higiene, fueron las principales causas de No
Conformidades en la planta de proceso donde se realizó la práctica.
Mientras que, hallazgos como la presencia de alimento en buche,
pododermatitis plantar en un lote, gran cantidad de aves asfixiadas y aves caquécticas o
deshidratas, fueron importantes durante la inspección ante y post mortem. Grandes
irregularidades con respecto a Buenas Prácticas de Higiene y Manufactura se
encontraron en los puntos de venta del pollo al consumidor final.
El 48.5% del total de muestras de pollo para consumo humano, tomadas en los
diferentes puntos de la cadena productiva (enjuague de canales en puntos de venta y
plantas de sacrificio, así como de ciegos), correspondientes al Gran Área
Metropolitana, fueron positivas a Campylobacter spp.
El C. jejuni fue la subespecie mayormente encontrada, y los comercios de venta
al público, fueron los puntos de la cadena con mayor contaminación, con un 73.4%,
frente a un 36.8% correspondientes a los otros dos puntos por separado.
In such modernized and globalized world, where thousands of machines process animal carcasses each day and where there is a fairly extensive sales network, there is a need to monitor processes in order to ensure the safety of the product that reaches the consumer. The role of the veterinarian in Food Safety is essential, both through inspection at every point in the production chain, and in research. Deficiencies in cleaning and disinfection as well as breach of good manufacturing practices were the main causes of non-compliance in the processing plant during the practice. While other findings, such as the presence of food in crop, foot pad dermatitis in batches, and large quantities of suffocated and emaciated/dehydrated birds, were noteworthy during the pre and post slaughter inspection. Major irregularities of Good Manufacturing and Hygiene Practices were found in chicken sales locations to consumers. 48.5% of all samples of chicken for human consumption, taken at different points of the production chain (rinsing carcasses at retail outlets and slaughter plants and blind) in the Greater Metropolitan Area, were detected positive for Campylobacter spp. The subspecie C. jejuni was mostly commonly found, with commercial and retail stores representing the points of greatest contamination, 73.4%, compared with 36.8% for the other two sample points
In such modernized and globalized world, where thousands of machines process animal carcasses each day and where there is a fairly extensive sales network, there is a need to monitor processes in order to ensure the safety of the product that reaches the consumer. The role of the veterinarian in Food Safety is essential, both through inspection at every point in the production chain, and in research. Deficiencies in cleaning and disinfection as well as breach of good manufacturing practices were the main causes of non-compliance in the processing plant during the practice. While other findings, such as the presence of food in crop, foot pad dermatitis in batches, and large quantities of suffocated and emaciated/dehydrated birds, were noteworthy during the pre and post slaughter inspection. Major irregularities of Good Manufacturing and Hygiene Practices were found in chicken sales locations to consumers. 48.5% of all samples of chicken for human consumption, taken at different points of the production chain (rinsing carcasses at retail outlets and slaughter plants and blind) in the Greater Metropolitan Area, were detected positive for Campylobacter spp. The subspecie C. jejuni was mostly commonly found, with commercial and retail stores representing the points of greatest contamination, 73.4%, compared with 36.8% for the other two sample points
Descripción
Modalidad: Práctica dirigida
Palabras clave
POLLOS, MEDICINA VETERINARIA, INDUSTRIA DE LA CARNE, MATADEROS, INSPECCION DE LOS ALIMENTOS, HIGIENE DE LOS ALIMENTOS, MICROBIOLOGIA DE LOS ALIMENTOS, ENFERMEDADES EN POLLOS, SALUD PUBLICA, CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS