Abordaje para el diagnóstico clínico y patológico de enfermedades hepáticas en perros y gatos.
Fecha
2015-06-10
Autores
Altamirano Silva, Leonel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La práctica dirigida se realizó en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres
(HEMS), el Laboratorio de Patología y el Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Escuela de
Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional desde el 1 de octubre al 31 de diciembre
del 2012.
Durante este periodo, se trabajó en las tres áreas, enfocado en problemas hepáticos
en caninos y felinos. Se estableció un protocolo diagnóstico para todo aquel paciente que se
presentara al HEMS con sintomatología hepática.
En el HEMS se recibieron los pacientes, se tomó la anamnesis, se realizó un examen
objetivo general y si se consideró necesario, se tomaron muestras para su respectivo estudio
laboratorial. En el Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos se determinó la actividad de al menos
dos enzimas hepáticas, la Alanino Amino Transferasa (ALT) y la Fosfatasa Alcalina
(ALP). Si los valores de estas enzimas se encontraban fuera de los rangos referenciales, se
procedió a realizar una ecografía abdominal con énfasis en el hígado.
Posteriormente, se realizó una punción con aguja fina y una biopsia hepática guiada
por ultrasonido, bajo anestesia general. Dicha muestra se remitió al Laboratorio de
Patología de la Universidad Nacional para su estudio. Para el estudio de las citologías se
utilizó la tinción de Giemsa. En cuanto a la biopsia hepática, se realizaron varios tipos de
tinciones con el fin de lograr el mejor diagnóstico definitivo posible. Dentro de estas
tinciones, las más utilizadas fueron la hematoxilina y eosina, la tinción de PAS y la tinción
de azul de Prusia.
Durante la práctica dirigida se atendieron 49 pacientes bajo este protocolo
diagnóstico.
En este documento se describen los resultados obtenidos por medio del protocolo
diagnóstico establecido, así como las enfermedades hepáticas que mas fueron
diagnosticadas por medio de ultrasonido y de las diferentes tinciones histopatológicas.
This study was conducted at the Small Animal and Wild Species Hospital (HEMS), the Pathology Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, from October 1st, 2012 to December 31 of the same year. During this period, the student worked on the three areas focused on liver problems in dogs and cats. A diagnostic protocol was established for any patient presented at the HEMS with hepatic disease symptoms. In the HEMS patients were received, the anamnesis was taken, a general objective examination was made and, if considered necessary, the respective sampled for laboratory study was obtained. At least two liver enzymes were measured at the Clinical Laboratory, such as ALT and ALP. If the values of these enzymes were presented about the normal range, an ultrasonographic study of the liver was performed. Subsequently, a fine needle aspiration and ultrasound-guided liver biopsy under general anesthesia were made. The samples were sent to the Pathology Laboratory at the National University for their study. The cytology was studied by using giemsa staining. Regarding the liver biopsy, various types of stains were performed to achieve the best possible final diagnosis. Within these stains, the most used were hematoxylin and eosin, PAS staining and Prussian blue staining. During the study, 49 patients were treated under this diagnostic protocol. This paper describes the results of the diagnostic protocol established and the most common liver disease diagnosed by ultrasound and / or different histological stains.
This study was conducted at the Small Animal and Wild Species Hospital (HEMS), the Pathology Laboratory and Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, from October 1st, 2012 to December 31 of the same year. During this period, the student worked on the three areas focused on liver problems in dogs and cats. A diagnostic protocol was established for any patient presented at the HEMS with hepatic disease symptoms. In the HEMS patients were received, the anamnesis was taken, a general objective examination was made and, if considered necessary, the respective sampled for laboratory study was obtained. At least two liver enzymes were measured at the Clinical Laboratory, such as ALT and ALP. If the values of these enzymes were presented about the normal range, an ultrasonographic study of the liver was performed. Subsequently, a fine needle aspiration and ultrasound-guided liver biopsy under general anesthesia were made. The samples were sent to the Pathology Laboratory at the National University for their study. The cytology was studied by using giemsa staining. Regarding the liver biopsy, various types of stains were performed to achieve the best possible final diagnosis. Within these stains, the most used were hematoxylin and eosin, PAS staining and Prussian blue staining. During the study, 49 patients were treated under this diagnostic protocol. This paper describes the results of the diagnostic protocol established and the most common liver disease diagnosed by ultrasound and / or different histological stains.
Descripción
Modalidad: Práctica dirigida
Palabras clave
PERRO, ENFERMEDADES HEPATICAS, GATO, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO, DIAGNOSTICO (MEDICINA)