Infección por Fasciola hepatica en bovinos de carne de una finca en Siquirres e impacto económico del decomiso de hígados en tres mataderos del área metropolitana de Costa Rica
Fecha
2008-05-05
Autores
Alpízar Solís, Carlos Ernesto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La fasciolosis bovina es una importante enfermedad parasitaria que ocasiona grandes
pérdidas económicas para el sector pecuario en Costa Rica y en el resto del mundo. El presente
estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de determinar la infección por Fasciola hepatica en una
finca dedicada al engorde de ganado de carne en el cantón de Siquirres en la provincia de
Limón, además de cuantificar el impacto económico producido por el decomiso de hígados en
3 plantas de sacrificio de bovinos del país, a partir de los registros oficiales el Ministerio de
Agricultura y Ganadería. Para esto, de agosto del 2005 a agosto del 2006 fueron recolectadas
muestras fecales de 577 bovinos con edad entre 6 meses a 2.5 años, de razas cebuínas; cada
muestra fue sometida a la técnica de sedimentación. También se recolectaron caracoles, con el
objetivo de identificar la(s) especie(s) involucrada(s) en la transmisión del parásito en la finca.
El parasitismo por F. hepatica fue diagnosticado en 67 (11.26%) de los 577 bovinos
evaluados, y el porcentaje de infección fue mayor en Agosto del 2005 (31.6%) y Agosto del
2006 (26.2%). Los caracoles identificados fueron de la especie Thiaria tuberculata. Con base
en los registros oficiales de decomisos de vísceras del año 2000 al año 2006, se calcula que
las pérdidas económicas por el decomiso de hígados parasitados de bovinos en 3 mataderos
ascienden a los ¢124.076.400. Las principales lesiones en los hígados decomisados fueron
atrofia moderada de lóbulos hepáticos, aumento de consistencia, engrosamiento de los ductos
hepáticos con presencia de calcificación, material mucoso y formas adultas del parásito.
Histológicamente corresponden a colangiohepatitis necrótica con formación de depósitos
cálcicos distróficos e hiperplasia de ductos biliares. Con base a los resultados obtenidos se
pudo determinar la presencia de F. hepatica en los bovinos de la finca.
Bovine fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease of cattle, has world distribution and causes big economical losses to Costa Rica and worldwide animal production sector. This study attempts to determine the Fasciola hepatica infections in beef cattle on a farm in Siquirres, and also determine the economical losses produced by condenated livers in 3 slaughters of the Central Valley of Costa Rica based on Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) data. From August 2005 to August 2006 were collected fecal specimens from 577 bovines with ages from 6 months to 2.5 years old, of indian cattle breeds. So each specimen was submitted to fecal sedimentation technique. Snails were collected to identify the vector species of the parasite in the farm. Fasciola hepatica parasitism was diagnosed in 67 (11.26%) of the 577 evaluated bovines, and the infection level was higher in August 2005 (31.6%) and August 2006 (26.2%). The identified snails specie was Thiaria tuberculata. From data between 2000 and 2006, provided by the MAG’s official registries of livers condenations of three slaughters, it was calculated economical losses was as high as ¢124.076.400. The main lesions found in condenated livers was moderated hepatic lobes atrophy, increased consistency, biliary ducts hyperplasia with dystrophic calcification, mucus and adult flukes. Histologically, it’s a necrotic colangiohepatitis with dystrophic calcification and biliary ducts hyperplasia.
Bovine fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease of cattle, has world distribution and causes big economical losses to Costa Rica and worldwide animal production sector. This study attempts to determine the Fasciola hepatica infections in beef cattle on a farm in Siquirres, and also determine the economical losses produced by condenated livers in 3 slaughters of the Central Valley of Costa Rica based on Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) data. From August 2005 to August 2006 were collected fecal specimens from 577 bovines with ages from 6 months to 2.5 years old, of indian cattle breeds. So each specimen was submitted to fecal sedimentation technique. Snails were collected to identify the vector species of the parasite in the farm. Fasciola hepatica parasitism was diagnosed in 67 (11.26%) of the 577 evaluated bovines, and the infection level was higher in August 2005 (31.6%) and August 2006 (26.2%). The identified snails specie was Thiaria tuberculata. From data between 2000 and 2006, provided by the MAG’s official registries of livers condenations of three slaughters, it was calculated economical losses was as high as ¢124.076.400. The main lesions found in condenated livers was moderated hepatic lobes atrophy, increased consistency, biliary ducts hyperplasia with dystrophic calcification, mucus and adult flukes. Histologically, it’s a necrotic colangiohepatitis with dystrophic calcification and biliary ducts hyperplasia.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
BOVINOS, ENFERMEDADES PARASITARIAS, HIGADO, GANADO DE CARNE, FASCIOLA, LIMON (COSTA RICA)