Evaluación de la contaminación por parásitos gastrointestinales de caninos en dieciocho playas del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica
Fecha
2009-09-11
Autores
Castro Jarquín, Cinthya
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar, por medio del análisis de muestras fecales
caninas encontradas en la arena, la contaminación por parásitos gastrointestinales en dieciocho
playas del Pacífico Central del país, a efecto de evidenciar si existía un posible riesgo
zoonótico para los frecuentadores de estas áreas de esparcimiento. Las muestras fueron
recolectadas en el período comprendido entre Noviembre del 2008 a Febrero del 2009.
Durante los recorridos a las 18 playas estudiadas, fueron recolectadas 191 muestras fecales, de
las cuales 115 (60.2%) resultaron positivas a la presencia de helmintos y/o protozoarios. Las
especies de parásitos gastrointestinales (PGI) fueron: Ancilostomatideos 97 (84.3%), Trichuris
vulpis 28 (24.3%), Dipylidium caninum 13 (11.3%), Toxocara canis 8 (6.9%) y Coccidios 7
(6.1%). Las infecciones simples fueron más prevalentes, representando el 79 (68.7%) de las
muestras positivas. El total de muestras con infección mixta fue de 36 (31.3%); de éstas, 32
(88.9%) tenía dos tipos de PGI y 4 (11.1%) tenían tres tipos de PGI. La prevalencia de los
PGI en las playas fue: Ancilostomatideos 49.7%, Tr. vulpis 15.2%, D. caninum 7.3%, T. canis
y Coccidios 3.7% cada uno (3.7%). Del total de 18 playas estudiadas, sólo en Caldera y
Tárcoles (11.1%) no fueron encontradas muestras fecales caninas; mientras que 16 (88.9%)
resultaron positivas a la presencia de PGI. En relación a la prevalencia de los PGI en cada
una de las 16 playas en las que se recolectaron muestras fecales, los resultados obtenidos
fueron: los Ancilostomatideos fueron detectados en 15 playas (93.8%), Tr. vulpis en 9
(56.2%), D. caninum en 8 (50.0%), T. canis y Coccidios en 4 playas cada uno (25.0%).
Considerando la presencia de los Ancilostomatideos y T. canis, 15 (93.8%) de las 16 playas
presentan riesgo zoonótico para sus frecuentadores, sobre todo los niños. La asociación
Ancilostomatideos y T. canis fue identificada en 3 (18.8%) de las 16 playas, las cuales
corresponden a Guacalillo, Puntarenas y Quepos. En las playas de Puntarenas y Quepos
fueron encontradas muestras fecales parasitadas por todos los cinco PGI diagnosticados en
este estudio; mientras que Tivives, Bajamar y Agujas presentaron infestación por un único tipo
de PGI. A su vez, Jacó, Esterillos Este, Bejuco, Palo Seco y Bandera presentaron muestras
con tres tipos de PGI; mientras que Guacalillo, Herradura, Hermosa, Esterillos Centro,
Esterillos Oeste y Manuel Antonio, presentaron dos tipos de PGI. Además del riesgo
zoonótico para los humanos, la presencia de los PGI de caninos en las playas estudiadas
favorece la infestación de los caninos que las frecuentan. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de
manifiesto la responsabilidad del médico veterinario en lo que a tenencia responsable y
educación para la salud se refiere.
The main objective of this study was to determine, through the analysis of found canine fecal samples in the sand, the contamination by gastrointestinal parasites in eighteen beaches of the Central Pacific area, in order to determine if a possible zoonotic risk existed, for the visitors of of these touristic areas. The samples were collected between November, 2008 to February, 2009, over 18 beaches. A total of 191 fecal samples were collected, out of which 115 (60,2%) were positive to the presence from helminths and/or protozoan. The species of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) found in the samples were: Ancylostomatidae 97 (84,3%), Trichuris vulpis 28 (24,3%), Dipylidium caninum 13 (11,3%), Toxocara canis 8 (6,9%) and Coccidian7 (6,1%). The simple infestations were more prevalent, representing the 79 (68,7%) of the positive samples. The total of samples with mixed infection was 36 (31,3%); out of these samples, 32 (88,9%) had two types of GIP and 4 (11,1%) had three types of GIP. The prevalence of the GIP in beaches was: Ancylostomatidae 49,7%, Tr. vulpis 15,2%, D. caninum 7,3%, T. canis and Coccidian 3,7% each one. From all of the total of 18 studied beaches, only in Caldera and Tárcoles (11,1%) canine fecal samples were not found; whereas 16 (88,9%) beaches were positive to the GIP presence. In relation to the prevalence of the GIP in each one of the 16 beaches in which fecal samples were collected, Ancylostomatidae was detected in 15 beaches (93,8%), Tr. vulpis in 9 (56,2%), D. caninum in 8 (50,0%), T. canis and Coccidian in 4 beaches each one (25,0%). Considering the presence of the Ancylostomatidae and T. canis, 15 (93,8%) of 16 beaches have a zoonotic risk for their visitors, mainly the children. The biological association of Ancylostomatidae and T. canis was identified in 3 (18,8%) of the 16 beaches, which correspond to Guacalillo, Puntarenas and Quepos. In beaches of Puntarenas and Quepos fecal samples had parasites of all the five types of GIP diagnosed in this study; whereas Tivives, Bajamar and Agujas showed infestation by an unique type of GIP. The beaches Jacó, Esterillos Este, Bejuco, Palo Seco and Bandera showed samples with three types of GIP; whereas Guacalillo, Herradura, Hermosa, Esterillos Centro, Esterillos Oeste and Manuel Antonio, showed two types of GIP. Besides the zoonotic risk for the humans, the presence of canine GIP in the studied beaches raises the risk infestation on the canine that visits them. Therefore, the obtained results reinforce the role of the veterinary doctor as a promoter of responsible pet possession and education for pet health care.
The main objective of this study was to determine, through the analysis of found canine fecal samples in the sand, the contamination by gastrointestinal parasites in eighteen beaches of the Central Pacific area, in order to determine if a possible zoonotic risk existed, for the visitors of of these touristic areas. The samples were collected between November, 2008 to February, 2009, over 18 beaches. A total of 191 fecal samples were collected, out of which 115 (60,2%) were positive to the presence from helminths and/or protozoan. The species of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) found in the samples were: Ancylostomatidae 97 (84,3%), Trichuris vulpis 28 (24,3%), Dipylidium caninum 13 (11,3%), Toxocara canis 8 (6,9%) and Coccidian7 (6,1%). The simple infestations were more prevalent, representing the 79 (68,7%) of the positive samples. The total of samples with mixed infection was 36 (31,3%); out of these samples, 32 (88,9%) had two types of GIP and 4 (11,1%) had three types of GIP. The prevalence of the GIP in beaches was: Ancylostomatidae 49,7%, Tr. vulpis 15,2%, D. caninum 7,3%, T. canis and Coccidian 3,7% each one. From all of the total of 18 studied beaches, only in Caldera and Tárcoles (11,1%) canine fecal samples were not found; whereas 16 (88,9%) beaches were positive to the GIP presence. In relation to the prevalence of the GIP in each one of the 16 beaches in which fecal samples were collected, Ancylostomatidae was detected in 15 beaches (93,8%), Tr. vulpis in 9 (56,2%), D. caninum in 8 (50,0%), T. canis and Coccidian in 4 beaches each one (25,0%). Considering the presence of the Ancylostomatidae and T. canis, 15 (93,8%) of 16 beaches have a zoonotic risk for their visitors, mainly the children. The biological association of Ancylostomatidae and T. canis was identified in 3 (18,8%) of the 16 beaches, which correspond to Guacalillo, Puntarenas and Quepos. In beaches of Puntarenas and Quepos fecal samples had parasites of all the five types of GIP diagnosed in this study; whereas Tivives, Bajamar and Agujas showed infestation by an unique type of GIP. The beaches Jacó, Esterillos Este, Bejuco, Palo Seco and Bandera showed samples with three types of GIP; whereas Guacalillo, Herradura, Hermosa, Esterillos Centro, Esterillos Oeste and Manuel Antonio, showed two types of GIP. Besides the zoonotic risk for the humans, the presence of canine GIP in the studied beaches raises the risk infestation on the canine that visits them. Therefore, the obtained results reinforce the role of the veterinary doctor as a promoter of responsible pet possession and education for pet health care.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
PERRO, PARASITOS, GASTROENTEROLOGIA (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), CONTAMINACION, PLAYAS, COSTA RICA