Uso de la radiografía y del ultrasonido en la región abdominal como herramientas diagnósticas en clínica de especies menores
Fecha
2009-10-11
Autores
Fonseca Rodríguez, Silvia María
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las imágenes diagnósticas se han convertido a través de los años en un aliado del médico
veterinario por la necesidad de llegar a diagnósticos más precisos. La radiografía y el
ultrasonido son herramientas que permiten al especialista detectar patologías a nivel
abdominal. Por lo general la radiografía precede al ultrasonido, siendo ambas técnicas
complementarias, lo que permite obtener información valiosa para el diagnóstico.
Aunque es imposible obtener una calidad de imagen perfecta, es esencial asegurarse de
que las imágenes sean de calidad diagnóstica, para reducir los riesgos que puedan llevar a
errores de interpretación importantes.
Si bien, la mayoría de los médicos veterinarios tienen estas herramientas a su disposición,
pocos poseen la preparación y el conocimiento para garantizar un servicio de calidad. La clave
para un uso eficiente de las imágenes diagnósticas, depende en su mayoría de la experiencia de
la persona que realiza los estudios y la interpretación de éstos.
La finalidad de esta pasantía de seis meses, que comprendió desde mayo hasta noviembre
del 2008 y en la cual se observaron 1027 casos en el área de radiología de los 3 hospitales
visitados, fue mejorar los conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas en la aplicación e
interpretación de la radiografía simple y de contraste y de la ecografía abdominal en pequeñas
especies, así como implementar el uso de aspirados y biopsias guiadas por ultrasonido.
Este trabajo práctico se dividió en tres partes, la primera consistió en adquirir los
conocimientos básicos en el manejo y aplicación de la radiografía y del ultrasonido abdominal
en el Hospital de Especies Menores de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (HEME-UNA).
La segunda parte fue observar los procedimientos que se realizaban en el área de radiología
del Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Estatal de Kansas y en el St. Francis Veterinary Clinic de Arkansas, ambos localizados en Estados Unidos de América. Por último, se dieron
las recomendaciones sobre como mejorar los procedimientos técnicos y prácticos que se
utilizan en el HEME-UNA, desde la preparación del paciente hasta la interpretación de las
imágenes diagnósticas, con base en la experiencia adquirida en los Estados Unidos de
América.
The diagnostic imaging has become throughout the years an allied of the veterinarian in order to reach more accurate diagnosis. The radiography and the ultrasound are tools that allow the specialist to detect pathologies in the abdominal area. In the search of valuable information for the diagnosis, the radiography precedes the ultrasound, because both techniques are complementary. Although, it is impossible to obtain an image with perfect quality, it is essential to make sure that the images have diagnostic quality, to reduce the risks of important interpretation mistakes. Even if most of the veterinarians have these tools to their disposition, few have the preparation and the knowledge to guarantee a high quality service. The key for an efficient use of the diagnostic images depends on the experience of the person that makes the studies and their interpretation. This externship was carried out from May until November of 2008 and there were attended 1027 cases in the radiology area of the 3 visited hospitals. The purpose of this six month externship was to improve the knowledge, abilities and the skills in the application and interpretation of the simple or contrast radiographies and in the abdominal ecography in small animals, as well as with the use of aspirates and biopsy by ultrasound guidance. This practice was divided in three parts, the first one consist in obtaining the basic knowledge in the management and application of the radiography and ultrasound in the abdominal area in the Small Animal Hospital of the Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica (HEME-UNA). The second part was to observe the procedures that were performed in the radiology area of the Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the Kansas State University and in St. Francis Veterinary Clinic in Arkansas, both located in United States of America. Finally, recommendations about how to improve the technical and practical procedures, since the preparation of the patient until the interpretation of the diagnostic images, were given to the HEME-UNA based on the experience acquired in the United States of America.
The diagnostic imaging has become throughout the years an allied of the veterinarian in order to reach more accurate diagnosis. The radiography and the ultrasound are tools that allow the specialist to detect pathologies in the abdominal area. In the search of valuable information for the diagnosis, the radiography precedes the ultrasound, because both techniques are complementary. Although, it is impossible to obtain an image with perfect quality, it is essential to make sure that the images have diagnostic quality, to reduce the risks of important interpretation mistakes. Even if most of the veterinarians have these tools to their disposition, few have the preparation and the knowledge to guarantee a high quality service. The key for an efficient use of the diagnostic images depends on the experience of the person that makes the studies and their interpretation. This externship was carried out from May until November of 2008 and there were attended 1027 cases in the radiology area of the 3 visited hospitals. The purpose of this six month externship was to improve the knowledge, abilities and the skills in the application and interpretation of the simple or contrast radiographies and in the abdominal ecography in small animals, as well as with the use of aspirates and biopsy by ultrasound guidance. This practice was divided in three parts, the first one consist in obtaining the basic knowledge in the management and application of the radiography and ultrasound in the abdominal area in the Small Animal Hospital of the Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica (HEME-UNA). The second part was to observe the procedures that were performed in the radiology area of the Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the Kansas State University and in St. Francis Veterinary Clinic in Arkansas, both located in United States of America. Finally, recommendations about how to improve the technical and practical procedures, since the preparation of the patient until the interpretation of the diagnostic images, were given to the HEME-UNA based on the experience acquired in the United States of America.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
PERRO, GATO, RADIOGRAFÍA, ULTRASONIDO, ABDOMEN