Manejo de crianza de pollitas de reemplazo para producción de huevo comercial en jaulas con dos diferentes líneas genéticas (Hy-line-Brown e Isa Brown), en dos granjas de Costa Rica.
Fecha
2015-03-09
Autores
Sibaja Aparicio, Mabel Alejandra
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en dos granjas dedicadas a la crianza de gallinas
ponedoras, desde el ingreso hasta la semana 16 de edad, ubicadas en la zona de Santa
Eulalia de Atenas, en la provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica.
La pasantía tuvo como objetivo el fortalecer, y desarrollar las destrezas y
habilidades en el campo de la crianza de pollitas destinadas a la producción de huevo en
jaula con dos diferentes líneas genéticas.
Durante el trascurso de la pasantía, se participó en el seguimiento de los datos
zootécnicos de las pollitas (peso, mortalidad, consumo, conversión y uniformidad),
análisis e interpretación serológica de las vacunaciones, y en el abordaje de casos
clínicos. Se observó que existe una transmisión alta de anticuerpos maternales para
Mycoplasma sinoviae en ambas granjas.
En la granja A se observaron títulos bajos de anticuerpos maternos contra la
enfermedad de bronquitis, los cuales aumentaron luego de las vacunaciones. En la misma
granja, para la enfermedad de Newcastle, no hubo una buena respuesta inmunológica a la
vacuna oleosa. Además se observó un aumento de anticuerpos para la enfermedad de la
bursa de Fabricio.
En la granja B, no se observó seroconversión postvacunal para Mycoplasma
gallisepticum, y se observó un aumento de los títulos para la enfermedad de Newcastle.
Se encontró un buen comportamiento en general de los parámetros zootécnicos de
ambas granjas, no obstante la presencia de patologías y algunas fallas en el manejo.
Se concluye que una buena organización, manejos adecuados y una constante
supervisión de la salud aviar, favorecen el desarrollo de pollitas de buena calidad y por
tanto una buena producción de huevo para consumo humano.
This work was made in two layers rearing farms, from arriving, to 16 weeks of age, located in Santa Eulalia, Atenas, Alajuela province, Costa Rica. Veterinary internship aimed at strengthening, developing skills and abilities in poultry breeding in cages for egg production, with two different genetic lines. During this internship, took part in the monitoring of production data, like weight measuring, mortality, food intake, food conversion and uniformity determination. Also, serologic analysis interpretations from vaccinations were made, and clinical approaches of cases observed at the farm are presented. In both farms, high maternal antibodies transmission was found for Mycoplasma sinoviae. In farm A, low antibodies levels against bronchitis disease were detected, which increases after vaccination. In the same farm, for Newcastle disease, a poor immune response was observed with the oily vaccine. Also, an increase in antibodies to infectious bursitis disease was found. In farm B, postvaccination serum conversion was not observed for Mycoplasma gallisepticum. However, increased titer for Newcastle disease was observed. Acceptable production parameters were found in the two farms, although some management failures and pathologies were found. In conclusion, proper organization, management and constant poultry health supervision leads to good quality hens development and egg production for human consumption.
This work was made in two layers rearing farms, from arriving, to 16 weeks of age, located in Santa Eulalia, Atenas, Alajuela province, Costa Rica. Veterinary internship aimed at strengthening, developing skills and abilities in poultry breeding in cages for egg production, with two different genetic lines. During this internship, took part in the monitoring of production data, like weight measuring, mortality, food intake, food conversion and uniformity determination. Also, serologic analysis interpretations from vaccinations were made, and clinical approaches of cases observed at the farm are presented. In both farms, high maternal antibodies transmission was found for Mycoplasma sinoviae. In farm A, low antibodies levels against bronchitis disease were detected, which increases after vaccination. In the same farm, for Newcastle disease, a poor immune response was observed with the oily vaccine. Also, an increase in antibodies to infectious bursitis disease was found. In farm B, postvaccination serum conversion was not observed for Mycoplasma gallisepticum. However, increased titer for Newcastle disease was observed. Acceptable production parameters were found in the two farms, although some management failures and pathologies were found. In conclusion, proper organization, management and constant poultry health supervision leads to good quality hens development and egg production for human consumption.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
POLLOS, CRIA DE AVES DE CORRAL, INDUSTRIA AVICOLA, PRODUCCION DE HUEVOS, CALIDAD