Plantas tóxicas para perros y gatos en Costa Rica
Fecha
2015-03-12
Autores
Sánchez Araya, Paula
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Con el objeto de estudiar el alcance de la presencia, en Costa Rica, de plantas tóxicas
para caninos y felinos, y de los aspectos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las patologías
producidas por ellas, se investigó la presencia, en nuestro país, de plantas reportadas como
tóxicas en la literatura mundial.
Esta información se obtuvo mediante consulta de libros y revistas especializadas en el
tema, así como en bases de datos y centros de información toxicológica accesibles a través de
Internet. Con esas bases, se visitarondiferentes regiones del país, especialmente de la Meseta
Central, para corroborar la presencia de plantas tóxicas y obtener fotografías de las mismas.
De ese modo, mediante observación directa, aunado a reportes previos del MSc. Jorge
Poveda, Catedrático de la Universidad Nacional, se estableció que en Costa Rica existe un
número considerable de plantas reportadas en la literatura como tóxicas para pequeñas
especies.
Para cada planta identificada, se obtuvo información pertinente a taxonomía,
morfología, fitoquímica y toxicodinamia, así como información sobre el diagnóstico y el
tratamiento de las intoxicaciones causadas por éstas.
Esta información se sistematizó en el presente documento de modo que sirva como
fuente de consulta para estudiantes y profesionales en Medicina Veterinaria de pequeñas
especies. Este proyecto viene a llenar un vacío importante sobrediversos aspectos botánicos,
clínicos y anamnésicosque deben de tomarse en cuenta para el diagnóstico de las
intoxicaciones por plantas en caninos y felinos en Costa Rica.
Además, se indagó sobre la casuística de intoxicaciones con plantas en clínicas
veterinarias del área metropolitana, por medio de un cuestionario estructurado y aplicado a
médicos veterinarios de clínicas veterinarias escogidos al azar. De las 30 clínicas encuestadas,
hubo 24 respuestas, de éstas, únicamente 10 reportaron al menos una intoxicación, aunque en
seis casos la causa no fue identificada. Los otros cuadros fueron atribuidos a Cenízaro,
Raspaguacal, Tilo y caña india.
With the aim of studying the presence, in Costa Rica, of toxic plants for cats and dogs, plus finding out about diagnosis and treatment of the pathologies produced by these plants, the presence of internationally reported toxic plants was studied. This information was obtained through by consulting books and journals specialized on the subject, as well as data bases and centers of toxicological information accessible through the Internet. With these bases, different areas of the country, especially in the Central Valley, were visited to ensure the presence of toxic flora and to gather pictures of these plants. In this way, by field observation, in addition to previous reports from MSc. Jorge Poveda, professor at the Universidad Nacional, it has been established that an important amount of toxic plants for small animals are present in Costa Rica. Pertinent information about taxonomy, morphology, phytochemistry, target organ toxicity, diagnosis and treatment of intoxications caused for these plants, was obtained for each plant. This information is systematized in this document to serves as a consulting resource for students and professionals in small animal veterinary medicine. This researchabout diverse botanic, clinic, and ananmesic aspects will enhance the information in the Costa Rican literature, which should be taken into consideration when diagnosing intoxications of cats and dogs. Besides, case intoxications with plants was search in veterinary clinics in the Central Valley, and a structured questionnaire was applied to veterinarians of 30 veterinary clinics in the metropolitan area, chosen at random, asking about the events of poison plants. There were 24 responses; of these, only 10 reported at least one poisoning, although in six cases the cause was not identified. The other poisonings were attributed to Cenizaro, Raspaguacal, Linden, and Indian cane.
With the aim of studying the presence, in Costa Rica, of toxic plants for cats and dogs, plus finding out about diagnosis and treatment of the pathologies produced by these plants, the presence of internationally reported toxic plants was studied. This information was obtained through by consulting books and journals specialized on the subject, as well as data bases and centers of toxicological information accessible through the Internet. With these bases, different areas of the country, especially in the Central Valley, were visited to ensure the presence of toxic flora and to gather pictures of these plants. In this way, by field observation, in addition to previous reports from MSc. Jorge Poveda, professor at the Universidad Nacional, it has been established that an important amount of toxic plants for small animals are present in Costa Rica. Pertinent information about taxonomy, morphology, phytochemistry, target organ toxicity, diagnosis and treatment of intoxications caused for these plants, was obtained for each plant. This information is systematized in this document to serves as a consulting resource for students and professionals in small animal veterinary medicine. This researchabout diverse botanic, clinic, and ananmesic aspects will enhance the information in the Costa Rican literature, which should be taken into consideration when diagnosing intoxications of cats and dogs. Besides, case intoxications with plants was search in veterinary clinics in the Central Valley, and a structured questionnaire was applied to veterinarians of 30 veterinary clinics in the metropolitan area, chosen at random, asking about the events of poison plants. There were 24 responses; of these, only 10 reported at least one poisoning, although in six cases the cause was not identified. The other poisonings were attributed to Cenizaro, Raspaguacal, Linden, and Indian cane.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
PLANTAS TOXICAS, SALUD ANIMAL, PERRO, GATO, ENVENENAMIENTO