Determinación de la etapa del ciclo reproductivo en perezosos de vida libre Bradypus variegatus y Choloepus hoffmanni, mediante las técnicas de citología vaginal, mediación hormonal (estradiol y progesterona) y ultrasonografía: estudio preliminar
Fecha
2012-08-30
Autores
Quesada Jiménez, Angie Elizabeth
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente estudio se realizó en la provincia de Alajuela (San José de Upala). Durante los
años 2008 y 2009, se les dio seguimiento a ocho hembras de la especie Bradypus
variegatus y seis de la Choloepus hoffmanni de vida libre durante este periódo. A cada uno
de estos individuos se les realizó un estudio ultrasonográfico con el fin de determinar si se
encontraban o no en estado de gestación, en caso afirmativo se tomaron las medidas de la
vesícula o diámetro biparietal, eje longitudinal y frecuencia cardíaca fetales. Igualmente se
tomaron muestras sanguíneas para medición de los niveles de estradiol (E2) y progesterona
(P4) sanguíneos, así como hisopados vaginales para la realización de citologías.
Se logró confirmar la presencia o ausencia de preñez en ambas especies de perezosos por
medio del examen ultrasonográfico, así como la medición de las distintas estructuras
embrionarias. Se observó una concentración alta de E2 durante la primera mitad de la
preñez y un aumento progresivo de la P4 en la segunda mitad de la misma. Fue posible la
observación de la morfología de las células presentes en las citologías vaginales, resultando
ser similares a las encontradas en caninos, además de realizar un conteo celular total y
lograr obtener la concentración porcentual de cada una de las células presentes en el
hisopado.
No fue posible establecer una relación similar a los caninos entre la concentraciones
hormonales con las citologías vaginales en B. variegatus. En C. hoffmanni se encontró
cierta relación entre la concentración de E2 y la presencia de células anucleadas. Se
observó una gran diferencia entre la concentración de células vaginales entre las especies de B. variegatus y C. hoffmanni. En ambas especies se observa una alta concentración de
estradiol durante la primera mitad de la preñez, mientras que la progesterona aumenta en la
última mitad de la misma. Se requiere de un monitoreo más prolongado para establecer el
estado reproductivo de estas especies así como para determinar la duración exacta de la
preñez.
This study was conducted in the province of Alajuela (San José, Upala). During the years 2008 and 2009 eight wild life females of the species Bradypus variegatus and six of Choloepus hoffmanni were evaluated. Each of these individuals underwent an ultrasound study to determine whether or not they were pregnant, measures were taken of the embryonic vesicle or biparietal diameter, crown-rump length and fetal heart rate. Also blood samples were taken to measure estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels and vaginal swabs for the accomplishment of cytology. The presence or absence of pregnancy was possible to confirm in both species of sloths through ultrasonographic examination as well as the measurement of various embryonic structures. A high concentration of E2 during the first half of pregnancy and a progressive increase of P4 in the second half thereof was observed. It was possible to observe the morphology of the cells present in the vaginal smears, proving to be similar to those found in dogs, also a total cell count was taken to obtain the percentage concentration of each of the cells present in the swab. It was no possible to establish a relationship similar to the canines between hormone levels with the vaginal cytology in B. variegatus. Instead, in C. hoffmanni a relationship was found between the concentration of E2 and the presence of anucleate cells. A big difference was observed between the concentration of vaginal cells from species of B. variegatus and C. hoffmanni. In both species, high concentration of estradiol was observed in the first half of pregnancy, while progesterone levels increase in the latter half. A longer monitoring time is needed to establish the reproductive status of these species and determine the exact duration of pregnancy.
This study was conducted in the province of Alajuela (San José, Upala). During the years 2008 and 2009 eight wild life females of the species Bradypus variegatus and six of Choloepus hoffmanni were evaluated. Each of these individuals underwent an ultrasound study to determine whether or not they were pregnant, measures were taken of the embryonic vesicle or biparietal diameter, crown-rump length and fetal heart rate. Also blood samples were taken to measure estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels and vaginal swabs for the accomplishment of cytology. The presence or absence of pregnancy was possible to confirm in both species of sloths through ultrasonographic examination as well as the measurement of various embryonic structures. A high concentration of E2 during the first half of pregnancy and a progressive increase of P4 in the second half thereof was observed. It was possible to observe the morphology of the cells present in the vaginal smears, proving to be similar to those found in dogs, also a total cell count was taken to obtain the percentage concentration of each of the cells present in the swab. It was no possible to establish a relationship similar to the canines between hormone levels with the vaginal cytology in B. variegatus. Instead, in C. hoffmanni a relationship was found between the concentration of E2 and the presence of anucleate cells. A big difference was observed between the concentration of vaginal cells from species of B. variegatus and C. hoffmanni. In both species, high concentration of estradiol was observed in the first half of pregnancy, while progesterone levels increase in the latter half. A longer monitoring time is needed to establish the reproductive status of these species and determine the exact duration of pregnancy.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
PEREZOSO BAYO, HEMBRAS, BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS, REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL, DIAGNOSTICO MEDIANTE ULTRASONIDOS